Before the construction of a country house or cottage, the customer will have to choose the technology by which the building will be erected. This directly affects the speed of construction, the final cost of construction and the performance of housing. Over the past few years, the technology of building houses with fixed formwork has received wide recognition. Suitable for all low-rise buildings, it reduces construction time and facilitates finishing work.
What is fixed formwork?
Fixed formwork is a special hollow blocks. Of these, the walls of the building are assembled on a prepared construction site. Reinforcement is installed in the voids (for greater strength) and poured with prepared concrete mortar. After the mortar has hardened, the formwork is not removed, but left in this form. Blocks and formwork panels are equipped with special jumpers-connections that prevent the structure from divergence.
Thus, fixed formwork performs 2 tasks at once:
- contributes to the rapid formation of walls;
- serves as a building insulation and its finishing (finishing or roughing).
Advantages of building houses with fixed formwork
This technology is often chosen for individual and low-rise construction due to its many advantages.
- Speed of work. A small country house can be built in this way in just a few weeks. No other building material (brick, wood, foam concrete) will give such a result.
- Without special lifting equipment. The use of fixed formwork assumes a floor-by-story construction, so lifting mechanisms are not required.
- Financial savings on insulation. Blocks or slabs of fixed formwork are already provided with a sufficient layer of heat-insulating material. Thanks to this, in Novosibirsk, Khabarovsk, Saratov, the construction of houses from fixed formwork will allow the construction of a warm building with minimal heating costs.
- Financial savings on finishing. Some types of blocks already have an attractive finish. All other views allow you to exclude surface leveling.
Stages of building houses with turnkey fixed formwork
The whole construction process can be divided into several stages.
- Preparation of the construction site.
- Plot marking.
- Building the foundation.
- Installation of formwork blocks.
- Pouring concrete.
- Slab formation.
- Installation of the roof.
- Finish.
At the same time, the construction of monolithic houses with fixed formwork has some features and nuances that may not be known to everyone. Important recommendations and advice can be heard from experienced builders.
Site preparation
The foundation is one of the most important components of any building. The quality and durability of the structure directly depends on it. Unlike brick buildings, houses with fixed formwork are lighter. This makes it possible to use not a monolithic tiled foundation, but a regular strip one.
Marking the construction site. Before starting work, make sure that the area has a flat surface. In this case, the error of calculations and measurements will be minimal. After marking, the accuracy of the angles is checked again. This can be done using a level (building level).
Foundation arrangement
Digging a trench. The width of the trench for the strip foundation should be about 40 cm, the depth is about 50 cm. Particular attention is paid to the bottom of the trench. It should be as even as possible, since errors here will affect the quality of the building. It will no longer be possible to eliminate the difference in formwork height.
Preparing the drainage pad. Under this definition, it is customary to understand a layer of gravel and sand. The layer thickness is about 150 mm. It performs several functions:
- even distribution of load on the foundation;
- thermal insulation.
Reinforcing bars are installed in the finished drainage cushion. They are necessaryfor strength and reliable fastening of fixed formwork parts.
Foundation sole. This stage is necessary for the final alignment of the bottom of the trench. The sole of the foundation is a concrete mortar, which is spread in a thin layer on a layer of drainage pad.
Overlap at zero level
To prepare the basement floor, metal beams or wood bars are usually used. In some cases, it is advisable to use reinforced concrete.
According to the technology of building a house from fixed formwork, you can do without zero overlap at all. If this option is selected, the internal space of the foundation is filled with sand, and heat-insulating slabs are laid on top. The final stage is the pouring of the concrete floor.
Formwork installation
The construction of walls begins only after the complete drying of the concrete layer of the foundation.
The first level of formwork blocks is put on the reinforcement, in which jumpers are installed to increase strength. This is done taking into account the technical documentation.
At this stage, it is worth considering the location of engineering networks (electrical wiring, plumbing, sewage, ventilation). This is necessary due to the fact that the walls of the building will be monolithic and it will be more difficult to resolve the issue after construction. Taking into account the drawings in the formwork, they plan the location of engineering networks and cut grooves.
Start the installation of formwork blocks from the corners. At the same time, at the first level of blocks, the location of door and window openings is marked.
The joints of the second level blocks should be shifted relative to the joints in the first row. This technology is completely similar to the implementation of brickwork, which adds strength and durability to the walls. The third row is laid out similarly to the first and so on.
Pouring concrete
After installing the formwork and laying engineering networks, they start pouring concrete. Save on building materials is not worth it. The components of the solution must be selected strictly taking into account technical documents.
When building houses with fixed formwork, it is most convenient to fill the mortar with a deep vibrator. This tool allows you to eliminate voids and evenly distribute concrete. If there is no internal vibrator, compaction must be carried out manually. A rubber or wooden mallet will help with this.
The upper block of the wall is filled with concrete not to the very edges - the concrete seam must be inside the formwork.
Overlap device
Interfloor ceilings are formed with the help of reinforced concrete strapping belt. On it are wooden beams or floor slabs. Some developers prefer to use monolithic floors in this case. Their peculiarity lies in the fact that the floor slab and the strapping belt are one common structure.
The next step depends entirely on the specifics of the technical documentation. This may be the construction of the second floor or the formationroofs.
Wall decoration
Fixed formwork on the market of goods is presented in several versions at once. At the same time, the most popular is the construction of a house from fixed formwork made of polystyrene foam. This building material makes wall decoration fast and cost effective.
Immediately after the completion of the construction, the walls are perfectly flat and ready for cladding. You can use any of the options for this:
- siding;
- front panels;
- stucco mix;
- stone;
- tile;
- wooden lining.
Interior decoration can be absolutely anything. If wallpapering is planned in the premises, then drywall sheets are first attached to the fixed formwork. Ceramic tiles and PVC panels are glued directly onto the formwork with a special adhesive.
Construction of houses from fixed formwork: reviews
Choosing technology for the construction of a country house, customers try to read the reviews.
In general, builders respond positively to this technology, citing as advantages:
- simple process;
- house construction speed;
- opportunity to save on lifting equipment.
Most of the people living in such houses also speak positively about the construction of houses from fixed formwork. They note:
- comparatively cheap house construction;
- keep warm in winter;
- energy savings.
Thus, the technology of building houses from fixed formwork is characterized by numerous advantages. It has every chance of becoming one of the most sought-after types of construction in the next few years.
