A combined roof is a non-attic structure that combines both the function of a roof and an attic floor. This type is also distinguished by the fact that a smaller amount of building materials is required for installation. That is why, when arranging such a design, you can save money, as well as spend less time on work. Most often, a combined roof is mounted during the construction of private cottages, as well as multi-storey buildings and technical structures. What kind of design is this - we will consider in this article.
Views
Combined roof, depending on how the insulation is protected from getting wet, is divided into the following types:
- Ventilated - differs in that it has an air gap to dry the insulation. It is very popular during private construction. Due to the presence of an air gap, additional thermal insulation functions are provided. The combined ventilated roof guarantees maximum protection for each insulation layer, as well as a cost-effective installation. For the device of this type of roof, reinforced concrete floor slabs are used. The latter are covered with a special insulating material, and concrete slabs are installed above the insulation.
- Unventilated. It does not have channels for drying, but at the same time it contains waterproofing insulation. The combined non-ventilated roof has a more complex composition. Since the design has some limitations, this type is not recommended for use in regions where in winter the temperature drops below minus thirty degrees Celsius. As a base for such a roof, reinforced concrete slabs are used, which are covered with a vapor barrier layer. The next layer is thermal insulation material. Next, to level the surface, a special cement mortar screed is made, and then a waterproofing layer is laid. The final stage is the laying of roll-type insulation materials.
- Partially ventilated - this option is considered intermediate. For the construction of such a roof, reinforced concrete floor slabs are also used. A layer of lightweight concrete slabs is laid on them, and then only rolled waterproofing material. This design is equipped with an attic space.
Ventilated and non-ventilated roof
All their varieties are different. What kind of roof to choose when building a home ownership is determined by the owner based on his preferences, as well as financial capabilities.
Consider the device of a ventilated roof. Thisthe structure is constructed from the following layers:
- carrier plate;
- bitumen vapor barrier;
- insulation;
- screeds;
- waterproofing;
- roll cover.
Partially ventilated has the following structure:
- bearing flat plate;
- pug made of lightweight concrete with cylindrical channels of 30-40 millimeters;
- roll roofing material.
Compared to ventilated, non-ventilated design has a slightly different structure. Such a roof is constructed from a slope and a reinforced concrete slab, which must be equipped with longitudinal ribs.
Subspecies of combined structures
The combined roof is also divided into several types:
- Horizontal. This is a non-ventilated roof that is adjacent to the supporting structures of the home.
- Flat. It is usually used in private construction and is considered a subspecies of horizontal. A flat combined roof can be either with or without an attic. Basically, it is on such roofs that terraces are arranged.
- Two-layer. It differs in that the design significantly reduces the load on the load-bearing wall. A variety of such a roof has two heat-insulating layers. Thanks to this, the house is reliably protected from heat loss.
- Inversion. It differs in that in such a roof, waterproofing and insulation are arranged in the reverse order. The design provides high-quality protection against external negative influences.
Horizontal roof
What is she?A horizontal combined roof is a non-ventilated structure that is adjacent to the load-bearing floors of the house. Currently, such designs can be flat, reverse and reverse combined. Flat ones are used in private construction. Reverse combined are used where dense insulation is used.
When arranging a horizontal combined roof, special attention should be paid to vapor barrier. This is due to the fact that the resulting condensate can provoke disastrous consequences. Also, giving preference to this type of roof, it should be borne in mind that the structure is subject to sudden temperature changes. In the daytime, it will be very hot, and at night it will cool down rapidly. To avoid negative impacts, experts recommend laying a layer of gravel on the roof surface.
Flat roof
It is currently considered the most popular and widespread. This type can be effectively used both for the arrangement of industrial buildings and private households. A flat combined roof consists of a base, vapor barrier, insulation, waterproofing, insulation attachment, and roofing material.
Such a roof can be equipped with an attic space or equipped without it. Thanks to this type of roof, many buildings acquire an attractive architectural appearance. Any house combined with a flat roof will not only be protected, but also have an aesthetically pleasing appearance. During installationsuch a roof should take into account the fact that the roofing is not recommended to choose dark shades. It is also necessary to ensure good ventilation. The best option is to use slab or solid insulation. Often, it is these structures that are preferred when arranging roof terraces.
Double layer
The two-layer combined roof is a kind of flat roof. It has a double layer of waterproofing, the lower of which is adjacent to the base.
It is thanks to this scheme that it is possible to effectively protect the structure from the negative effects of weather conditions. Among other things, this option provides a significant reduction in the load on the roof. This factor increases the service life and reduces heat loss.
Functionality
Integrated roof designs help provide a high level of comfort, practicality and functionality. The main feature of such a roof is that the installation of the structure is simple and does not require large financial costs. The benefits of combined roofs are undoubtedly obvious.
Among other things, this roof perfectly protects the building from atmospheric precipitation, and also provides the attic and under-roof space with the necessary ventilation.
Design Features
When building a home ownership, in the process of drafting the construction of combined roofs, special attention should be paid to all the nuances.
First of all, you need to carefullychoose a heater whose thickness should be at least eighteen centimeters. During the laying of the heat-insulating layer, it is necessary to ensure its density, since any, even a slight gap, can subsequently lead to undesirable manifestations. You should also take into account the fact that the vapor barrier should be located strictly under the insulation.
A combined roof must certainly have a base in the form of a concrete slab, as well as insulation, hydro and vapor barrier, ventilation outlets, communication passages and fasteners. In the process of building a roof, be sure to follow all the recommendations. Otherwise, the heat insulator will leak, resulting in poor performance.
Roof access
Before deciding on the type and type of roof, you should carefully read all the features and carefully look at the photo of the combined roof.
Also during installation work, it should be borne in mind that any roof must be equipped with a convenient exit to its surface. This is required in order to provide unhindered access for its maintenance, garbage collection, as well as minor and major repairs.
Often a combined roof does not fulfill the functions that are assigned to it. This can also happen due to the lack of access to its surface. The exit can be made in the form of a small skylight, which, if desired by the owner, can have completely different sizes. The owners also equip a full-fledged comfortableexit.
If the building is of considerable size, then it is best to construct a small extension, which should be located directly on the roof. A staircase can be built from the lower room to the top. The latter will help you get on the roof without hindrance.
Combined roof wear
Any roof must be carefully monitored and maintained, and, if necessary, carried out minor or major repairs. In order to determine the physical wear of the combined roof, you need to pay attention to the following nuances:
- single minor damage or holes in the roof, especially occurring at the junction with vertical surfaces, as well as at the deflection of wall gutters;
- surface blisters or cracks or breaks;
- destruction of the upper and lower layers of roofing;
- massive leaks;
- peeling off the coating from the base;
- lack of coverage parts;
- destruction of the guardrail.
When the above deficiencies appear, they must be eliminated immediately. You can do this yourself, as well as turning to professionals for help.
Conclusion
So, we have considered what a combined roof is, what varieties it is. This design has many advantages. In order to fully enjoy its features, during installation it is necessaryfollow all the recommendations and advice of professionals. Otherwise, unforeseen circumstances may occur during operation. The most common trouble that improper installation can lead to is wetting the heat insulator. It is this nuance that can provoke a sharp deterioration in the properties of the roofing. In such a situation, condensation may begin to accumulate on the ceiling, which will lead to the appearance of fungus. In addition, it contributes to a change in the smell in the house and the development of pathogenic bacteria. That is why special care must be taken during installation. If you do not have the necessary knowledge and skills, it is best to seek help from specialists who will do everything at the highest level and guarantee that the roof will last for a long time.
