The traditional battery consists of heavy-duty lattice plates that can be made from lead dioxide, sometimes coated with a thick layer of calcium. Between them is a universal aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. This composition is the most effective. The acid and lead react to create valuable electricity. But sometimes such units fail at the most inopportune moment. That is why many craftsmen prefer to make their own desulphating charger.
Description
The principle of operation of a standard charger is based on the energy of the chemical interaction of acid and lead. A special grid acts as an electrode. Concentrated sulfuric acid is presented as an electrolyte, which forms s alts with calcium or lead in the first seconds. The working surface of the grating is covered with a thin film. The desulphating charger is different in that all s alts of sulfuric acid are removed from the battery plates. The wizard needs to remember that it will simply not be possible to completely remove all the resulting connections. With proper care, the charger can last for several more years. The electrodes themselves become loose and densely covered with s alt crystals, which do not break during desulfation.
Chemical processes
In a lead-acid battery, the discharge-charge cycle includes two opposite electrochemical processes. During this, the pure lead of the plate reacts with sulfuric acid, which is part of the electrolyte, turning into tetravalent dioxide. This element has a strong chemical bond. It is he who covers the lead plate with a protective film and reacts with sulfuric acid. During the planned battery charge, the process that is absolutely opposite to desulfation occurs. Only a small part of the lead sulfate remains unchanged and gradually settles on the battery plates in the form of a white coating.
Features
A self-made desulphating charger is different in that the master directs all his efforts to clean the battery plates from lead sulfate. At the final stage, you can significantly increase the battery capacity. Rehabilitation of the conductivity of the plates allows you to achieve a confident and high-quality start of the car, regardless of the ambient temperature. Battery lifeincreases significantly. Every man can correctly destroy a film of lead sulfate at home. An easier option for assembling the device is to purchase a Chinese kit with instructions and all the necessary details. The circuit is quite simple and quickly assembled. This option is especially relevant among beginners.
Common battery recovery option
Specialists have developed many interesting ways in which you can make a desulphating charger with your own hands. Most often, experts use electric current or time-tested chemicals. To quickly and efficiently clean the plates from the sulfuric film, it is best to use voltage. For such manipulations, it is necessary to purchase in advance or independently manufacture a unit with which you can adjust the current strength. For the chemical version, it is not at all necessary to use any products. But the technology itself includes many stages.
Causes of charger aging
This process is called sulfation. Batteries age naturally and cannot be completely eliminated. Even old deposits of lead sulfate completely block the access of the filled electrolyte to the plates. Because of this, the capacity of the battery is drastically reduced. Over time, the starting current may disappear completely. Charge the battery in the traditional waywill be impossible. It is in this situation that the craftsmen are trying to make a desulfating charger with their own hands. Several factors can provoke premature aging of the unit:
- Long vehicle idle without operation.
- Irregular battery charging from the network. Because of this, the process of natural desulfation is reduced.
- Long battery storage in a state of full discharge.
- Hard operating conditions. The ambient air temperature is either too high or too low.
Budget option
It is quite simple to make a do-it-yourself desulphating charger according to the scheme. The master needs to resort to the method of alternating short weak charges with similar discharges. For the successful implementation of these cycles, experts have developed high-quality units that are designed for car batteries with desulfation. Experts note several key nuances:
- Dry cleaning. You must carefully open the filler cap to pour a special solution that will corrode the s alt on the lead.
- Mechanical cleaning of plates from lead sulfate. To do this, they not only disassemble the battery, but also pull out all the working plates to clean them.
The master needs to remember that both of these options are extremely traumatic, because of which you need to follow basic safety rules.
Quality multi-charge
Many craftsmen prefer to make their own handsdesulphating charger according to the scheme, as it has numerous advantages and high reliability. High-quality multi-charging allows you to achieve higher performance. For this procedure, you will need a conventional car charger or a special prefix. At the first stage, a new electrolyte is slowly poured into the battery, due to which you can literally revive a dead battery. The main essence of the method is to repeatedly apply a small current to the contacts of the product with small intervals. The whole cycle must be divided into eight series of charges. After each stage, the voltage at the terminals increases slightly, the battery stops charging. The potential equalizes during the pause. Only by the end of the procedure will the electrolyte acquire the desired density.
Method of specialists
Production of a high-quality desulfating OET charger is based on purification from lead sulfate with the help of chemically active substances. Experienced craftsmen know that acidic compounds react with alkali, which is why it is necessary to prepare the appropriate reagent in advance for work. Regular baking soda will help with the sequential breakdown of sulfate plaque. To carry out this procedure you need:
- Drain all electrolyte from the charger in a safe manner.
- Alkali must be dissolved in distilled water in a ratio of 1:3.
- Heat the mixture to a boil.
- Hot lye solution neededpour into battery jars for 35 minutes.
- After the allotted time, the product is drained.
- The battery should be washed three times with clean hot water.
- It remains only to fill in high-quality electrolyte.
If you follow all the rules during the manufacture of a simple desulfating charger, then the capacity of the product will increase significantly. The unit can be used for its intended purpose for a long time. Over time, plaque will form again on the plates.
Classic instruction
The desulfating charger TON 12V 5A is different in that it is possible to restore the unit's performance using improvised means. To work, the master will only need distilled water, baking soda and the charger used. The battery is carefully removed from the car and placed on a flat surface. All plugs on the body must be unscrewed. The rest of the old electrolyte is drained. An effective solution for sulfation is prepared in the following proportion: for 100 milliliters of water - one tablespoon of soda. The solution is brought to a boil, after which it is poured into the battery for 60 minutes. It only takes a few minutes to recharge the battery. Before each charge, the user must clean the charger with a hot solution. After that, you can safely use a pulse desulphating charger.
Self-made
The scheme of a desulfating charger for a 12V battery allows you to create a do-it-yourself unit that will carry out autonomous cleaning of the battery, without priordismantling. To work, you will need to remove at least one terminal that is connected to the car. Due to this, it is possible to secure the electronics from probable loads. In addition to the standard cleaning of electrodes from s alt deposits with the help of a desulfurizer, regular preventive maintenance can be carried out. Due to this, the service life of the product can be significantly extended. To work, you need to prepare:
- Relay with normally closed contacts. A model from a Soviet car is ideal.
- Light bulbs or load resistors.
- Turn signal relay. It is advisable to use imported models with a voltage of 12 V. To increase the working time, you need to replace the capacitor in the device with an analogue of a larger capacity.
- Connecting wires and soldering iron.
All of these parts are included in the scheme of a simple desulfating charger. All negative terminals are connected to the output of the same charge of the device. A rotary relay is connected to the output on the battery. A relay output of the same charge is connected to the positive charging unit. The design is loaded with an active resistor or light bulbs. Be sure to control the assembly and check the performance of the product. For these purposes, a voltmeter and ammeter are more suitable.
Minimizing sulfation
Problem is much easier to prevent than to deal with. A home-made desulfating charger allows you to reduce the rate of coating of plates with lead sulfate. So that sulfation is not pronounced, you needfollow a few simple guidelines:
- In the hot season, it is necessary to periodically check the level of the filled electrolyte on the serviced batteries.
- The battery can only be stored in a charged state.
- Do not allow deep discharges during operation.
Careful observance of simple rules will significantly extend the life of the lead battery. Under proper conditions, the product can last more than 7 years, and the performance indicators themselves will decrease very slowly. The process of sulfation is a natural sign of battery wear, which occurs due to various reasons. To eliminate the layer of lead s alts, it is necessary to carry out the reverse process in order to increase the level of electrolyte density and voltage at the battery terminals. This operation is called desulfation and can be done independently using a conventional charger.
