A weld is a junction of two or more parts, which is formed as a result of the process of crystallization of the metal melt in the weld pool. The metal that is welded onto the joint area consists of a mixture of filler material and molten billet.
The classification of such joints is quite extensive, which makes it easy to determine the type of weld. For example, according to the nature of the execution, one- and two-sided seams are distinguished, and in the direction of impact - frontal, flank, combined, and also oblique. In addition, the spatial position also has a great influence. In this category, horizontal and vertical, ceiling and bottom connections are distinguished.
Each weld has its own characteristic external shape, which has three varieties: relaxed, normal and reinforced. In turn, the cross-sectional shapedistinguish between fillet and butt welds. Thanks to all this diversity, you can get a huge number of connections, for example, cross, tee or butt. The latter are used only for continuous butt welds.
A characteristic feature that distinguishes such a seam from others is the cutting of the edge of the parts, or rather their shape in cross section. The most widespread are one- and two-sided, curvilinear, rectilinear forms, there are also products on which there is no cutting edges. Complex forms of edge processing are considered V- and X-shaped. In turn, the fillet weld also has differences in the shape of the edges, as well as in the nature of welding: continuous or intermittent.
All currently existing types of seams allow you to connect parts of various thicknesses from a wide variety of metals. In addition, many methods have been developed that are designed to improve the characteristics of the weld and increase the reliability of such a connection. Such activities can rightly be considered: the use of a special filler material; welding of parts in a gaseous environment, which helps to remove oxygen from the arc burning area; use of flux and others.
The weld can be done automatically, semi-automatically or manually. Each of these methods has its own characteristics, and therefore, can be used in different conditions. This allows you to expand the range of welding applications.
The welding zone in which the parts are connected is subjected to significant thermal effects. Such processes are known to lead to dramatic changes in the distribution and nature of the emerging efforts. This negatively affects the reliability of connections.
The parameters that characterize a weld are directly related to its geometric dimensions. These are the width, the amount of reinforcement and blunting, the size of the gap, as well as the thickness of the parts to be welded.
The control of welds is carried out at the factory, since the quality, reliability and durability of this type of connection depends on it.
