Today, there have been quite a few cases of fire at various enterprises or in residential premises. To avoid such troubles, you must always follow the safety precautions according to certain instructions. Currently, there are a huge number of ways to protect the premises from fire. The main purpose of the deluge fire extinguishing system is to automatically extinguish fires. Such solutions are used for objects characterized by a high probability of occurrence of fires. A drencher curtain is a fire extinguishing system, which is a supply pipeline from a pumping station filled with water or an extinguishing agent.
The main difference between sprinkler and deluge systems is the design of the final sprinkler. Sprinklers use special nozzles with thermal locks. When the temperature rises, they melt. There is no such thing in the deluge fire extinguishing system. Here, drencher nozzles with an open outlet, unequipped with a thermal lock, are used. Such systems are triggered by external automatic fire alarms, as well as other sensors.
Features of deluge fire extinguishing system
The drencher system is activated by emergency mechanisms. It can be started from a wet or dry sprinkler system, as well as from a fire alarm.
Let's consider the principle of operation of a pumping unit in a deluge fire extinguishing system. The control cabinet first receives an alarm signal from the device, and then gives a command to start the main pump. In the event that the main pump has not switched to the operating mode, the spare device is automatically turned on.
As a rule, deluge fire extinguishing systems are used to protect fire hazardous facilities where fire spreads at high speed. These facilities include storage facilities for flammable substances, special facilities such as nuclear power plants and flammable substances, and paint booths.
Features of fire sprinkler system
Drencher system can be used to extinguish indoor fires. It can also be used to localize the part of the building where the fire has occurred. A deluge curtain helps shield heat flow as well as smoke and toxic combustion products. Thus, deluge water curtains prevent the spread of fire and related harmful factors outside the curtain.
Deluge Curtains Spread
The system of water deluge extinguishing fires today is widely used in Russia and all over the world. It is quite economical and allows you to protectpremises of any size. The drencher water curtain sprinkler does not require complex maintenance. All materials used in its production are resistant to aggressive environments.
Calculation of the deluge curtain must be carried out on the basis of several factors. In the case of narrow openings, it is recommended to install horizontal sprinklers of the DVG-10 or DVG-12 type. The DVG-10 system at a pressure of 0.2 MPa produces 9.520 l/cm. Sprinkler width - 3 m. It's okay if part of the water is outside the opening. You can also place two sprinklers at a distance of 15-20 cm from each other in the center of the opening. When using a Dencher Curtain, you do not have to worry about the height: you can set up to 20 m. If you need a lower pressure value, for example 0.05 MPa, then you will need to install four sprinklers.
Dencher systems: what are they used for
What can a deluge sprinkler be used for? The curtain is used to combat local fires. In addition, it helps to prevent the spread of fire from one room to another in buildings for various purposes. Systems of this type are distinguished by the use of open irrigation heads. Pipelines here in some cases may remain unfilled. Most often, dry pipe deluge systems are used in structures in which there is a constant threat of an explosion. When arranging fire-fighting installations at explosive objects, filling pipelines are used. In this case, the drenchers are placed strictly upsockets. The extinguishing agent will be transferred only after the fire alarm is triggered - only then will the pumps that build up pressure turn on.
Drencher fire extinguishing system: purpose of use
The installation of a fire curtain is usually carried out to ensure the fire safety of the structure. It can be used both to extinguish a fire, and as a barrier to the spread of fire. The drencher curtain functions on the principle of a wall of fire extinguishing agent. Such systems are able to keep the flame and combustion products inside the burning area for a long time. The deluge curtain valve can be installed in a doorway or other opening of a commercial or residential premises. Water or special foam can be used as a fire extinguishing agent. It all depends to a large extent on the cause of the fire and the type of room.
Differences between deluge and sprinkler systems
These systems are currently the most widely used in the field of fire safety. The main difference lies in the different design of the final sprinklers. This is also the main factor determining their scope.
Pluses of the deluge system
Drencher curtain can be used both to extinguish a fire, and to prevent the spread of fire. There are no special nozzles with a thermal lock that melts at high temperatures. The drencher curtains are controlled by an automatic signal from the fire-fighting system or by a human command. The deluge curtain can be filled with both foam,and water.
Installation features
The basic principle by which the deluge curtain works is the formation of foam using a special fire extinguishing mixture. Depending on the design of the system and its capacity, the curtain can contain fire and toxic combustion products inside. The most rational way to install a deluge system would be to place it in the corridors of residential and industrial premises. Such a solution allows to provide a high level of reliability of fire protection. It is recommended to use it taking into account the main technical features of the premises. Where can a deluge curtain be placed? The installation project should be drawn up on the basis of calculations of the main technical indicators. The fire extinguishing system must be able to keep the room, preventing the fire from spreading further.
Types of deluge systems
There are the following types of deluge fire extinguishing systems:
- triggered by autonomous signal;
- activated by human signal.
Today, there is often such a thing as a deluge sprinkler. The curtain must be installed in such a way as to create an obstacle to the spread of fire. This type of fire extinguishing system mainly uses water sprinklers.
Drencher systems: construction
Deluge systems can be designed in two ways: dry pipe and fill. Installations of the first type are usually used onindustries with a low possibility of an explosion. In enterprises with a high risk of explosion, so-called jellied drenchers are usually used. In baths and saunas, a dry pipe deluge system is usually used, which is installed directly under the ceiling. By design, it is a metal pipe connected to the water supply. The tap through which water flows is usually taken out of the room. In high-rise office buildings, a type of fire extinguishing system such as a deluge curtain is used. In buildings of this type, a fire can easily go to the upper floors through the elevator shaft. That is why in buildings of this type it is especially important to correctly design the installation of deluge curtains. This will help prevent this situation from occurring.
Management
The following types of control units can be used in deluge fire extinguishing systems.
- Pneumatically operated: when the temperature rises, a special lock starts to melt. This breaks the cable and deactivates the pipeline valve.
- Electrically driven: if one of the set characteristics deviates from the norm, the system gives a signal to the pump control unit and starts the water supply.
- Hydraulically actuated: when the thermal lock is exposed to high temperatures, it opens, resulting in a pressure drop in the system and turning on the water supply.
Advantages and disadvantages of deluge systems
The advantages of the deluge system include:
- availability and reasonable cost of equipment;
- possibility of rapid fire localization;
- large area coverage;
- easy to install system.
Also a huge plus of such a system is to prevent the spread of combustion products, thermal radiation and toxic fumes. The main disadvantage of deluge plants is the high consumption of foam and water. It can also be noted that the high flow rate leads to high costs for the restoration of the premises.
Conclusion
The deluge system is one of the most common ways to fight fire. The effectiveness of this installation is due to the fact that it allows not only to extinguish the fire, but also prevents the fire from moving beyond the source of ignition. The drencher system differs from other types in the presence of special open-type sprinklers, in other words, drenchers. They can be triggered by a signal from a person or a system. Both foam and water can be used as a fire extinguishing agent.
Deluge systems will be most effectively located in the corridors of commercial, industrial and residential buildings. This will not only slow down the spread of fire, but also protect the room from fire in a short time. It is for this reason that deluge systems are now widely used in industries characterized by a high risk of fire.
Deluge plants can be successfully used in rooms withlow temperature mode. Water enters them only when a fire signal occurs. Up to this point, the drenchers will be in a dry state. In order to most effectively use the fire extinguishing system, when drawing up a project, it is necessary to take into account all the features of the premises and other factors. The main advantage of this type of system is that it can be started without waiting for the thermal locks to melt. This is especially important in enterprises where there is a high risk of ignition of explosive and flammable substances.
