Fires cause serious damage to businesses, organizations and individuals. To exclude the possibility of fire, a number of technical and organizational measures are taken. The degree of fire resistance of buildings and structures is determined by the ability of elements and structures to withstand the effects of fire. Regulatory documentation prescribes the definition of this parameter according to five main characteristics.
The degree of fire resistance of a building is interpreted by SNiP as the ability of building structures to maintain their load-bearing properties for a certain time. Fire-technical services carry out an examination of buildings, buildings and structures. All stages of work are subject to inspections, from design to commissioning. In addition, periodic site inspections are carried out.
Classification: goals and objectives
Allindustrial and other economic buildings, public and residential buildings have project documentation. The degree of fire resistance of buildings and structures depends on many different factors, and primarily on the materials used in the construction process. Natural and artificial stone, metal, reinforced concrete and ceramics do not burn, and buildings with a predominance of such structures are classified as the highest category.
One step below are houses made of the materials listed above and equipped with wooden floors. Combustible elements are protected by plaster or subjected to special treatment with chemical compounds. Frame buildings made of metal structures with enclosing parts made of materials of high and medium resistance belong to the third category. There are several subgroups in this class.
The degree of fire resistance of buildings and structures of the fourth class is quite low. These buildings are built on a wooden frame using barrage structures from raw materials with low ability to withstand open flames. In all categories, load-bearing and external elements are of decisive importance in determining class. Internal and interior partitions are taken into account to a lesser extent.
Improving the fire resistance of buildings and their elements
Determining the degree of fire resistance of a building is necessary to take measures to reduce the possibility of ignition and the spread of flame. This is done if the structure does not meet the fire safety requirements. There are differentmethods and techniques for increasing the degree of fire resistance of buildings, and their application depends on a number of factors and the characteristics of the building itself.
Maximum attention is paid to elements of buildings made of combustible materials, and primarily from wood. In order to increase their resistance, they are treated with special chemical compounds - flame retardants. Other methods involve insulating ceilings and partitions by applying plaster, building walls with red clay bricks.
Conclusion
A high degree of fire resistance of buildings and structures is necessary in cases where they house hazardous industries, he althcare and educational institutions. The use of measures to increase the resistance of buildings to ignition helps to ensure the safety of personnel.
