Reconstruction of buildings and structures is a whole range of installation and construction works, the purpose of which is to change the architectural solutions of objects and create various capital superstructures, outbuildings and attics. In addition, this includes changes in the system of building equipment and load-bearing structures, as well as the improvement of adjacent territories.
Reconstruction
It should be carried out in a complex manner, and it usually begins with the repair of the foundation, its additional creation or strengthening of the foundation under it. Reconstruction works include waterproofing the base of the building and its basements, repairing the facade and walls, replacing ceilings and roofing systems. Recently, some firms and organizations in the list of these services have begun to include interior decoration, equipment, as well as an extension of a residential attic.
There are several types of building renovation andfacilities:
- conversion of an industrial facility into apartments or offices;
- increasing floor space;
- expansion of production space by constructing additional floors in buildings with high ceilings, etc.
In general, the reconstruction of facilities involves the creation of additional space to accommodate industrial workshops and warehouses, various units and equipment, workplaces and residential apartments. The complex modification of buildings includes the laying of a number of engineering systems, such as heating, power supply, sewerage, ventilation, security and fire systems. And all this must comply with accepted construction standards.
Types of reconstructions
For industrial enterprises, there are two types of restructuring: the actual transformation and technical re-equipment. The latter implies the replacement of equipment, when the cost of construction and installation work is no more than 10% of the total cost. When the actual transformation of the structure takes place, not only the equipment, but also the building itself is changed. At the same time, various superstructures, extensions, construction of new buildings, etc. can be made.
For many objects, the share of equipment in the total balance is insignificant, so they are divided according to a slightly different principle, namely, for partial or complete reconstruction. The first involves the replacement of only individual elements of the structure with the continuation of its operation, and the second - a radical reorganizationbuildings where it is possible to replace structures, equipment, individual units, change its size, etc.
Reconstruction plan
It should include information related to all types of construction and installation works, calculations and design of changes that will be made in the communication and engineering systems of the structure, as well as a package of documents on the suitability of the building for operation. Reconstruction plans should only be drawn up by specialists with experience in this matter.
Coordination
Before you start rebuilding an object, you need to prepare the appropriate documentation. Then it is necessary to coordinate it in different state instances. It should be noted right away that this can be very difficult to do. This is especially true for objects of cultural and historical significance, as well as architectural monuments. In addition, there are difficulties in agreeing to recreate or preserve their original appearance. Construction and installation work can only be started if permission has already been obtained.
Main steps
Reconstruction of buildings and structures basically consist of the same stages as the investment cycles of new buildings:
- Pre-project stage. It includes all activities carried out during new construction. But most often this stage occurs in a somewhat simplified form.
- Inspection of the reconstructed foundations andobjects. It should be noted that this step cannot be skipped. In the course of it, not only the hydrogeological regime, soil conditions and relief are assessed, but also the state in which the underground and above-ground structures are currently located, as well as the possibility of additional load on them and their further operation. A thorough inspection of all elements of the building should be carried out and any damage found should be described in detail. In addition, each curvature, crack or damp spot must be photographed, measured and recorded in the document. If necessary, laboratory tests are done if individual elements have been opened. At the end of the examination, a special report is compiled, which includes photographs, calculations and other documents.
- Reconstruction project is in many ways similar to what is done for newly built buildings, but includes fewer documents. It contains all the main parts: architectural and construction, technological, estimates, a general explanatory note and a construction organization plan. The reconstruction project is considered and approved in almost the same way as a new building.
- Implementation of the plan. In order to carry out a reconstruction project, it is necessary to carry out construction and installation work. If they are carried out on the territory of an existing enterprise, then its activity should either not be reduced at all, or only to a minimal extent. At the same time, its management carefully coordinates the sequence and conduct of all construction and installation works, as well as the conditions for their combination with work inproduction workshops with a general contractor and a designer.
The most effective are the reconstruction of buildings and structures carried out by the nodal method. At the same time, the enterprise is conditionally divided into parts, where it is possible to freely adjust and install technological equipment, as well as carry out construction work. After the assembly is completed, it is handed over to the maintenance service.
Capital construction and reconstruction
These works have much in common. Reconstruction and capital construction, as two sets of works, seem to be quite complex processes that require maximum coherence and responsibility from the construction and installation companies conducting them. This applies to both the preparation of relevant documentation and the involvement of highly qualified specialists.
Reconstruction and capital construction involve the simultaneous refurbishment, expansion and construction of various facilities, during the construction of which it will be necessary to carry out not only installation, but also earthworks related to the construction of load-bearing structures, foundations and utilities.
Repair and reconstruction
Usually these concepts are inseparable from each other. Reconstruction and repair is a complex of works in which it is necessary to first partially or completely change the size of the building or carry out its restructuring, and then move on to internal redevelopment and final finishing. Reconstruction of structures is often carried out when new objects are being built nearby, accompanied by the laying of various communications, or in case of wear of any structures, as well as changes in the state of the soil under them.
