The vital activity of people is accompanied by the release of not only decay products, but also a large amount of waste that needs to be disposed of. In big cities, management companies solve this problem, and in a country house you have to get out of the situation on your own. This article will focus on septic tanks that do not need to be pumped out.
What is a septic tank?
A septic tank is an autonomous treatment system that treats incoming sewage and other waste. The septic tank itself can consist of one, two or three tanks, each of which undergoes a certain stage of purification of contaminated water. To the question of how a septic tank works without pumping out, the answer will depend on some nuances. Septic tanks have fundamental differences.
If we consider materials for the production of containers, we can distinguish the following types of septic tanks:
- Plastic.
- Concrete.
- Metal.
- Brick.
Purchased septic tanks are made of plastic. This material is practical. It does not oxidize, deform, or react with incoming drains or the environment. When building home-made options, any material suitable for its properties is used. The septic tank is completely immersed in the ground, the containers themselves must be airtight.
According to the principle of operation, the following types of septic tanks can be distinguished:
- A system that is based on fluid purification using soil layers.
- A storage system that needs to be cleared of waste when filling.
- A system that recycles incoming waste. Cleaning such a septic tank is much less common.
The choice of a septic tank depends on several factors. If it is supposed to use the sewer only in the summer, then you can install a regular cesspool. But in this case, it is necessary to take care of compliance with all norms when installing such a septic tank. For all-season living, you will need a more serious cleaning system. Let's consider in detail the device of different types of treatment facilities and figure out how septic tanks work without pumping.
Septic tank without pumping
Waste pumping is needed only if the septic tank is represented by a conventional wastewater collection tank. This is a very inconvenient option for waste disposal, since when filling a septic tank with waste, you will have to call a special service. The cost of sewer services is currently quite high, especially if the site is located far outside the nearest city. Depending on volumeseptic tank and the rate of filling the tank, you can calculate the frequency of the need for pumping.
It is much more convenient to use septic tanks that do not need such frequent maintenance. This problem is especially acute when the house is used all-season, and the volume of waste is large enough, and there is no possibility to connect to the central sewerage system. So how does a septic tank work without pumping out for a summer residence? Consider several options for treatment systems.
The most budgetary option for a septic tank will be the so-called cesspool. Waste will flow into a container that is located in the ground and has an unhindered exit to the ground. There, the liquid is filtered, and its excess goes away. This method of waste disposal is unacceptable if the waste is a cocktail of hazardous toxic substances. With a high level of groundwater, there is a possibility of flooding.
The modern version of septic tanks with waste-free cleaning is the most practical, but also the most expensive way to dispose of wastewater. In several chambers, cleaning is carried out in stages. At the outlet, clear process water is discharged into the ground.
Rules for installing a septic tank on the site
Septic tanks, which divert liquid into the ground, cause damage to the environment, so certain conditions must be observed when choosing the location for installing this type of treatment plant. There are a number of regulations that govern this issue. According to the documents of SNiP and SanPiN, septic tanks with a mechanical settling method should be at a distance of:
- at least 2 meters from the site boundary;
- at least 20, and in some cases 50 meters from a source of drinking water;
- at least 2 meters from the road;
- at least 5 meters from windows and doors;
- at least 5 meters from the garden.
If you decide to install a septic tank yourself, you must draw up a detailed project, provide it to the SES and obtain permission to implement it.
If you are the owner of a small area where it is simply impossible to place a septic tank with mechanical wastewater treatment due to lack of space, then the option remains to install a local sealed container for collecting wastewater or a waste processing station. These structures do not need to comply with such stringent conditions, since there is no release of waste into the environment.
Septic tank "Tank"
This type of treatment plant is presented in the form of a plastic container with one or two necks. Let's try to figure out how the Tank septic tank works. Inside there are chambers for phased cleaning. The purification sequence is as follows: the effluent enters the first chamber (settler), where large fractions settle, the liquid from this chamber flows into the next compartment, where the effluent is cleaned by microorganisms. The next section contains a biofilter that rids the fluid of remaining contaminants.
Septic tank "Tank" is easy to operate. Even a person who does not have experience in this area can perform its installation. In the septic line"Tank" has different modifications, among which you can easily choose the most suitable option. The choice will depend on the number of people living in the house and the expected level of waste.
And how does the "Tank Universal" septic tank work? Its main distinguishing feature from other septic tanks of the "Tank" line is the ability to change the loading level of the septic tank. There may be periods of stagnation, or, conversely, a continuous supply of wastewater to the septic tank. In any of these situations, the Tank Universal septic tank will cope with its task as quickly and efficiently as possible. The price of "Tank" septic tanks is quite acceptable compared to products from other manufacturers.
Septic tank "Topas"
"Topas" is a wastewater treatment plant manufactured by Topol Eco. Topas septic tanks are presented in the form of a plastic container of various sizes. Plastic is very convenient for the production of septic tanks, because it does not rust, does not oxidize, does not react with incoming drains.
Let's try to figure out how the Topas septic tank works. The principle of operation of installations of this type is similar to other wastewater treatment systems, however, it is the Topas septic tanks that are presented in such a huge variety. You can choose a variant of the treatment plant, which will be fully adapted to the desired conditions. In the production of Topas septic tanks, the depth of groundwater, the amount of incoming effluents are taken into account. There isseptic tanks adapted to different depths of sewerage pipes.
There are four compartments in the septic tank, in each of which a certain stage of cleaning takes place. Colonies of aerobic bacteria are used to break down complex organic substances into simple components. Aerators are installed in each compartment, which provide the environment with oxygen molecules. After the passage of wastewater through all treatment facilities, water remains, which can freely penetrate the soil without polluting it.
Topas septic tanks have a number of disadvantages: the amount of wastewater processed by a certain model should be approximately the same and constant. If the release of waste increases, cleanup will be slower and less productive. The aerators that are built into each chamber are powered by electricity, which imposes certain energy costs on the operation of the septic tank. If you live seasonally, you will have to preserve the system for the winter, otherwise the bacteria will die.
Septic tank "Topas 5"
From a large number of modifications of Topol Eco septic tanks, one can single out the Topas 5 septic tank, which is actively used not only by summer residents, but also by homeowners. The principle of operation of the septic tank is exactly the same as that of its "brothers", however, there are some functional differences.
The size of the septic tank is quite small - 120012002500 cm. This allows you to install it in any place convenient for you. The body is made of durable plastic. Performancestation is 1 m3/day, but no more than 220 liters of sewage should flow into the septic tank at a time. This performance is designed for 3-5 people.
Let's figure out how the Topas 5 septic tank works. Drains pass through the chambers of the septic tank, passing through several stages of treatment. Each container assumes an aerobic type of purification, so there are aerators in the departments that supply the chambers with oxygen. If the groundwater level is too high, then the Topas 5 Pro septic tank should be preferred. A drain pump is installed in the tank of this model. Its role is to pump the treated liquid out of the treatment plant. This is necessary when, due to the high level of groundwater, water drainage is naturally impossible. This is very convenient as you can divert water in any direction.
The advantages of Topas 5 septic tanks are obvious, but there are also disadvantages. The septic tank can only function when it is connected to the mains. If a blockage occurs in the filter, the device will stop draining the liquid, which will lead to a rapid overflow of the tank and failure of the septic tank. It is necessary to constantly diagnose the operation of the septic tank and carry out periodic maintenance.
Septic tank made of concrete rings
If you do not have the funds to buy expensive equipment, then you can make a sewage treatment plant with your own hands from concrete rings. Such a septic tank will consist of two communicating chambers. Let's consider in detail how to arrange a septic tank from concrete rings.
Fora pit breaks out of the rings, the distance between the rings should be 20-30 cm. Liquid from the sewer pipe enters the first container. This container plays the role of a sump. When the level of the drains rises to the level of the connecting pipe, the liquid begins to drain into the second container. There, passing through the soil layer 1m thick, the liquid goes into the ground.
Chambers must be equipped with covers for free access. When a lot of sediment particles accumulate in the sump, it will need to be cleaned. This should be done approximately once a year. An exhaust pipe must be built into the manhole cover of the septic tank chamber, which will remove an unpleasant odor. Otherwise, the unpleasant smell will spread throughout the house. And how to arrange a septic tank from concrete rings, spending less money? You can bring in a few friends to install them, thereby saving money that could be spent on attracting heavy equipment.
The positive aspects of septic tanks made of concrete rings are obvious: low price and high performance. Concrete is a very durable material that will last for decades. With a large volume of the first tank, cleaning will have to be done once every 2-3 years. The negative side is the involvement of heavy equipment to transport and install the rings.
Septic tank made of plastic cubes
Plastic eurocubes are an excellent material for organizing a septic tank. The container itself is in a metal crate, which protects it from mechanical influences. Atinstalling a septic tank made of such material will require third-party assistance; it is quite difficult to install it alone. Let's figure out how to arrange a septic tank in a private house using plastic cubes.
For such a volume capacity, you will need a large pit. Large-scale land work will have to be done to organize space for containers. You need to place the Eurocube in the ground with the help of several people. Properly performed installation is the key to long-term uninterrupted functioning of the septic tank. After all, mistakes made during installation can lead to damage to containers, they will simply be crushed by soil.
It must be remembered that a treatment plant of this type will only be able to treat wastewater by 50-60%. The liquid coming from the second tank must undergo an additional level of purification. To equip the filter fields, you need to allocate a sufficiently large area.
All connecting, inlet and outlet pipes are hermetically fixed into specially made holes in the plastic. The second and subsequent containers should be 20-25 cm lower than the previous one. The cubes are welded together with metal ties, so you can properly arrange a septic tank from eurocubes.
The positive aspects of a septic tank from Eurocubes are the low price, the availability of purchase. Negative points - a short service life with improper installation, a large amount of land and other types of work, one more stage of post-treatment is needed.
Septic tank products
The bacterial environment of a septic tank is the basis for processing incoming effluents. Without the active activity of microorganisms septic tankturns into a regular waste collection container, so it is very important to maintain bacterial activity in the container.
In the chamber, which is located at the next level after the sump, there is a natural treatment of wastewater by affecting complex organic substances of various groups of microorganisms. It can be bacteria, fungi, yeast and some algae. Depending on the type of wastewater, it is precisely the environment with microorganisms that develops that is capable of decomposing the substances of the incoming liquid.
To stimulate the development of the bacterial environment, special compounds are artificially introduced into the septic tank, which enhance the growth and reproduction of bacteria and fungi. Stimulation is needed in order for the waste to be processed more intensively.
If substances with a high level of toxicity enter the sewer, then such an environment can kill the microorganisms that live in the septic tank. It is very important to monitor the disposal of wastewater, and try to avoid the release of complex waste containing gasoline, acetone and other toxins.
In conclusion
Choosing the right septic tank is not an easy task. It is necessary to conduct a study of the soil, determine the level of passage of groundwater, the type of soil, its mobility. The calculation of the volume of sewage will also be one of the important parameters when choosing a septic tank. The capacity of the treatment plant must match the incoming volumes of waste. With a responsible approach to the arrangement of a septic tank, you will get a durable and functional treatment system for a country house. Collect the necessary information, gain theoretical experience,and it will become clear to you how to arrange a septic tank for a summer residence on your own.
