The construction industry has been experiencing a rapid development process for several years in a row. Hundreds and thousands of new houses are built every year. Moreover, it can be both multi-storey arrays and private cottages. It is the owners of the latter who try to take part in the construction to the maximum, embodying all their ideas in a new family nest. Roofing is one of the most important steps in building a house. In order for the result of the work to be of high quality and reliability, it is necessary to develop a roofing plan, according to which the work will be carried out.
Basic information
The configuration of the roof can be completely different - single-pitched, multi-pitched, hip, gable, etc. There are also a lot of materials that can ensure the reliability of the coating - metal tiles, slate, corrugated board, metal, etc. Roof scheme allows you to ensure the correct calculation of the required amount of materials for its construction, and also makes it possible to clearly determine the stages of work.
Roof plan - a drawing in which the roof is shown in several layers. Each of them corresponds to a certain stage of construction. So, usually on paper they reflect the layout of structural elements (rafters, load-bearing beams,lathing) or a solid base, lining carpet, valley carpet, roofing material. Also, the roof plan contains a display of the points of attachment of downpipes and ventilation. The places of joints, valleys and dormers are taken out in separate schemes, which help to accurately determine the placement of the roofing cake.
The main types of roofs and their advantages
Before proceeding directly to the installation of the roof, it is necessary to determine the materials for heat, steam and waterproofing. An accurate plan should be developed with the application of the dimensions of the structure. After the roof structure is known and the required amount of necessary building materials has been acquired, you can proceed with the installation of this element of the house.
In order to determine the final look of the resulting roof, you need to know what types it is. There are 6 main categories in total:
- single slope;
- gable;
- multi-pitched;
- half-hip;
- hips;
- forceps.
The easiest option to develop are roofs without kinks (that is, a flat roof plan), but hip and multi-pitched roofs are still most often installed on houses. That is why the correct calculation of materials and loads on load-bearing elements comes to the fore, because in the end you want to get high-quality and reliable protection, while not overpaying too much for building materials.
In pitched roofs, surfaces are oftenhave the shape of regular trapezoids or triangles. Hip roof slopes can have a completely different shape. This contributes to the creation of a unique look of the roof in particular and the house as a whole.
How to chart?
In the event that the roof plan is not yet fully prepared, and the truss system has already been assembled, then you can start measuring. First, the height from the ridge to the ceiling is determined. If the roof consists of more than one level, then measurements are taken for each of them.
For greater clarity, a drawing of the truss system in profile is created. This will allow you to correctly calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof. At the same time, do not forget that if the structure consists of simple elements, the areas of which are quite easy to calculate, the total value of this parameter for the roof will be slightly larger due to the presence of overhangs.
Let's look at the calculation of a shed roof in more detail, breaking down the plan into components and explaining the formulas.
Example of area calculation
It should be said that the plan of the roof of an industrial building is almost no different from the development of a plan for a simple shed (flat) roof of a private house.
Roof area is calculated quite simply. If the roof is gable, then the area of \u200b\u200bone slope is first calculated, and then the resulting number is simply multiplied by 2. There should not be any problems here, since the planes often have a rectangular shape. Therefore, the area formula will look like: S \u003d a x b, where a and b are the length and width of the slope, respectively. But here it is importanttake into account such parameters as front and cornice overhangs.
For a shed roof, the calculation is the same - just multiply the length value (house length + overhang value) by the roof width (house width + overhang).
The difference between flat and pitched roofs
For the construction of a flat roof, bitumen, polymer-bitumen or polymer materials are used, which require the organization of a solid base. It is these roofs that are most often found at various industrial facilities. The elasticity of the material itself allows it to absorb thermal and mechanical effects, while it does not lend itself to deformation. The basis for such a coating can be a cement screed, load-bearing slabs or a layer of thermal insulation.
A flat roof plan is often a load-bearing slab covered with steam and heat insulators. To protect against moisture penetration, the “carpet” is completed with a waterproofing film. This method of erecting a roof is common in the construction of industrial facilities, private residential and commercial buildings.
Flat structures can be both non-operated and exploited. What does this mean? In the first case, you can’t go out on the roof (except in cases of repair and maintenance). In the second one, you can create a recreation area, a garden or even a whole parking lot on it.
Roof plan: drawing design rule
In order to correctly draw a plan, you should definitely familiarize yourself with the rules for creating building diagrams. Regardless of the type of roof (flat or pitched), it is necessary to calculatenumber of drains. They must be indicated in the plan. The drawing is divided into several equal rectangles, in each of which drains, communications, ventilation hatches and windows are drawn.
According to the created plan, the amount of materials for the construction of the roof is calculated. In this case, it is necessary to keep in mind a certain amount of stock. This will help to avoid problems with the lack of building materials at the time of the construction of the roof. If we take strictly the amount of resources that resulted from the calculations, then in 90% of cases it simply will not be enough. This is due to the fact that sometimes the roofing material may be defective or at the time of construction it becomes clear that the overlaps should be larger.
Last recommendation
A lot has been written about how to draw a roof plan. There are examples in the specialized literature. Only by studying it, you can create a really high-quality drawing, according to which an excellent roof will be erected. In most cases, it is much easier to contact construction companies that offer this type of service. Professionals will be able to take into account all the wishes of the customer and develop a plan that can satisfy all his needs.
