Any manifestations of human activity serve as a source of air pollution in the house. When breathing, carbon dioxide is released, unpleasant odors appear in the kitchen and toilet, when using the shower, the microclimate in the rooms becomes more humid. Therefore, to make living in the house as comfortable as possible, it is necessary to equip ventilation. There are several varieties of such systems.
Home ventilation and climate in the apartment
Communication systems of this type are mandatory installed in any city apartment. There is ventilation in many private houses. The main purpose of such systems is to ensure normal air exchange in the premises.
Reviews of property owners about ventilation equipment are good, primarily because its use provides the following benefits:
- washed laundry dries much faster;
- windows do not fog up;
- walls don't get damp;
- fromapartments go away any unpleasant odors;
- breathing indoors becomes much easier.
Types of domestic ventilation
According to the way air is moved, all systems of this kind are divided into two main varieties:
- natural ventilation;
- artificial.
The advantage of systems of the first type is the ease of arrangement. In another way, such home ventilation is called "slit". It is this type of system that is usually used in old small city apartments. In this case, no equipment powered by electricity is used. Air enters the premises through cracks in windows and doors, and is removed through a common house ventilation stack.
The principle of operation of such a system is extremely simple. The air is usually colder outside than inside the house. Its warm masses always rise upwards. That is, for most of the year, natural home ventilation, with proper installation, can work quite efficiently. However, in summer, when it is hotter outside than in the house, such a system, of course, will not perform its functions.
Arrangement of artificial ventilation involves the use of special equipment. Such systems, of course, perform their functions much better than natural ones. In turn, artificial ventilation is classified into:
- suction;
- exhaust;
- supply and exhaust.
The principle of operation of the supply airventilation
This type of system can be general or local. In the latter case, fresh air is supplied to only one room. The main equipment of such systems is a special unit with a fan. The latter creates the necessary pressure for forced air injection into the room. Such home ventilation in an apartment or house can only be used in “clean” rooms - halls, living rooms, bedrooms, etc. Such systems are not installed in kitchens and bathrooms.
Until recently, blocks of this variety were mounted only in very large premises - in warehouses, supermarkets, train stations, etc. Today, home supply ventilation is also on sale. Such installations are small blocks with air ducts. Exhaust air when using such systems is removed naturally - through the hood.
Advantages and disadvantages of forced ventilation
The advantages of systems of this type primarily include:
- relative cheapness of equipment;
- ease of installation;
- cheap to operate.
The disadvantages of such systems are:
- quite large block dimensions;
- noisy.
When using an air handling unit indoors, you have to take care of additional sound insulation.
Features of installation of air handling units
In addition to the block, such home ventilation (in an apartment or houseit is installed - it doesn't matter) includes the following elements:
- valve;
- connecting tubes;
- outer grille.
The valve is installed above the heating radiator. Previously, markup is made under it. A tube wrapped in insulation is inserted into a hole drilled in the wall. Mount it so that it protrudes from the side of the street by about 8-10 mm. Next, with the help of dowel-nails, the device itself is inserted. At the next stage, filters are mounted, coal and noise-absorbing. The assembly of the valve is completed by installing the grille. Next, the block itself is mounted.
Exhaust ventilation
This type of system is more popular with property owners. Unlike forced ventilation, such home ventilation exchanges air by pulling it out of the room with the help of special equipment. Very often, such systems are installed in urban apartments. Their installation is advisable if there are plastic windows and doors in the rooms. After all, there can be no gaps in such structures by definition. Therefore, the standard natural system is simply inefficient in this case.
Do-it-yourself exhaust home ventilation: installation features
The main equipment of such a system is a fan. Install it in the channel of the common house hood. Installation is carried out in the following order:
- the grill is removed from the channel output;
- the fan itself is installed;
- the remaining gaps are sealed with sealant.
The supply of fresh air when using such a system is provided by installing valves. They are mounted behind heating radiators, having previously drilled holes of the appropriate diameter in the walls.
Another type of such ventilation is a kitchen hood. It is installed above the gas stove according to the instructions and connected to a regular 220 V household outlet.
The principle of operation and design of the supply and exhaust equipment
Such home ventilation systems are usually used in large country cottages. They cost more than supply and exhaust. Their design is most often entrusted to specialists. Supply and exhaust ventilation combines all the advantages of the above artificial systems. Replacing the air in the apartment with its use is faster and better. In addition, if necessary, the supply and exhaust system can be supplemented with special air conditioners and air humidifiers.
The main design element of such ventilation are:
- air handling unit;
- supply and discharge lines;
- recuperator.
The last type of equipment is designed to take heat from the air emitted from the house and return it to the incoming air. The use of such an addition in the ventilation system can significantly save on heating.
Very often home ventilation(supply and exhaust) is complemented by such a device as a heater. The use of such equipment prevents the formation of ice in the system due to condensate. In addition, this device provides additional heating of the air entering the premises from the street. Ventilation systems can use electric or water heaters.
Main installation steps
How to make ventilation in an apartment or a house with supply and exhaust, many property owners would probably like to know. Such systems are usually assembled in several steps:
- a detailed system design is being made;
- installation of supply and exhaust unit;
- recuperator is connected;
- air ducts are being installed;
- installed heater;
- decorative grilles are mounted.
If the assembly of the system can also be done independently, then the drafting of the project is usually entrusted to specialists. You cannot make mistakes in this matter. Otherwise, the system will work inefficiently. In addition, home owners are waiting for such problems as the appearance of foreign odors in living rooms (from the kitchen and bathroom).
Installation recommendations
Home ventilation, which, of course, has good reviews, can be assembled with your own hands if necessary. The supply and exhaust unit in the house is usually mounted in the attic or in the basement. Most often, it is simply installed on a stand, previously leveled. Air ducts forcottages usually choose corrugated flexible. Such highways are much easier to stretch in ceilings. For supply air ducts, holes are made in the walls, according to the project. The lines are connected through special valves with filters. The air exhaust pipe leads to the roof.
Sleeves lead from the main highways to the rooms. To connect them, holes are also made in the walls. Usually, the supply duct is led out at the bottom of the room, and the outlet duct is at the top. This arrangement is explained by the usual laws of physics. Warm air always rises. The lines are connected to the supply and exhaust unit through the nozzles in the order specified in the instructions.
An electric heater is installed in close proximity to the unit with a recuperator (although this condition is optional in a forced system). To connect it to the attic or basement, they pull the wiring. The water heater is connected to the heating system (to the supply line on the bypass) and, like the electric heater, is inserted into the air duct. This device is something like a heating radiator. Inside it, a “snake” passes a pipe through which the coolant moves.
Additional devices
Of course, the ventilation of a house or apartment (forced) makes the indoor climate much more comfortable for living. But in the summer the air outside gets very hot. And his entry into the house can change the microclimate in the rooms for the worse. In order to avoid this, the supply duct caninstall a special air conditioner. In most cases, such devices operate on freon. Sometimes they are also called cooling heaters. They are connected to a normal household power supply. Sometimes special air humidifiers are also installed in the supply air duct of the system. The purpose of these devices is the same as that of air conditioners - to create the most comfortable microclimate for living in the premises of the house.
Manufacturers
Many companies produce ventilation systems and accessories for them today. For example, you can purchase equipment of the brands Uniflex, Ruzaevsky Polymer, etc. Equipment manufactured by the domestic company Domvent is most popular among apartment owners. This manufacturer supplies the market with special quality valves that make it easy and simple to upgrade natural ventilation. This company has been operating since 2010. The devices produced by it are suitable not only for residential, but also for office premises, as well as for small houses. Their main advantages are maximum ease of installation, efficiency and long service life. In 2014, Domvent home ventilation won the All-Russian contest "The Best Goods of the Year".
Instead of a conclusion
Natural ventilation systems, therefore, in our time are perhaps only suitable for small country cottages with old dried-up wooden frames and for all kinds of outbuildings. In residential buildings, it is more expedient to useforced air exchange scheme.
In the apartment it is best to install artificial exhaust ventilation, and in the cottage - supply or supply and exhaust. The use of such equipment will definitely make the microclimate in your home much more comfortable and he althy.
