Arrangement of a well in a summer cottage is a great alternative to central water supply. Why should this method be preferred?
- Be able to avoid bureaucracy.
- You don't have to pay for the water you use.
- Water quality will be high.
- Faucet water will flow even if the plumbing is repaired.
Pros of well water supply
Arrangement of a well has a number of advantages:
- small cash costs for organizing a water supply system from a well compared to drilling a sand or artesian well;
- unified installation work;
- no need to obtain permission from official authorities;
- long service life of the system.
It is better to entrust the arrangement of the well to a professional, because if you decide to build such a structure on your own, then many problems may arise in the future:
- In the spring, melt water can get into the well. This happens due to improper installation of concrete rings.
- Inflow of poor quality water due to the wrong choice of well site.
- The wrong location can also lead to an imbalance of groundwater, which will rise to the surface and make the nearby soil marshy, as well as wash the foundation of the house.
Scheme of well water supply of a country house
After the location of the well is chosen, it is necessary to decide from which components the future system will be assembled. The main elements can be ranked:
- reservoir;
- relay for water pressure;
- accumulation tank;
- water accumulators;
- pump stations and other devices for lifting water;
- water pipes.
Arrangement of a well does not require the purchase of expensive equipment. An external model can act as a pump. However, the level of its effectiveness depends on the distance from the well to the house. The closer the system is to the building, the better the water will flow.
For the construction of a water supply system, it is better to resort to using pipes made of plastic or metal-plastic. Steel pipes are subject to oxidation and rusting. This will spoil the taste of the water and change its color.
How to choose the right materials for the well?
Arrangement of a country well requires strengthening its walls. For this purpose, various materials are used. The main ones include:
- wood;
- concrete rings;
- brick;
- naturalstone.
If the choice fell on wood, then it is better to give preference to moisture-resistant species. For example, an excellent choice would be oak or pine. This will improve the taste of the water. For example, when using pine logs, the water acquires a pleasant taste of pine needles.
The most economical option is to build a well based on concrete or brick rings. But if unreinforced concrete is used, the rings will begin to crumble. An expensive way is to strengthen the walls of the mine with stone.
The arrangement of a well in the country depends on the taste of the owner. Often a log house is used, which is covered with a roof made of planks. Such a performance is characterized by practicality. A log house can be a great element of landscape design.
Conducting water from the well to the house
In order for the well water supply system to have a high level of efficiency and last for a long time, you should correctly determine the location of the future well. For this purpose, a frame (vine) is used, with the help of which a geodetic analysis is carried out.
When the place is chosen, then you can start sampling the land. In a process such as arranging a well, wells are usually pulled out by hand. Digging the soil is an important stage in the installation of the well. The service life of the source depends on this process. The process requires some physical fitness.
You can also use technique. But even the most advanced excavators are not able to dig a hole deeper than 5 m. In addition, the powerful impact of the bucketmachine provokes a violation of the density of the walls. Also, the use of an excavator requires significant financial investments. Therefore, more often resort to manual labor.
The formation of a typical well model takes place using concrete rings. The mine is dug to the required depth. Then elements of reinforced concrete are lowered into it one at a time. First you need to make sure the quality of the rings. They must consist of a homogeneous material, have the same dimensions, and not contain cracks. In the process of deepening, it is necessary to constantly check the dimensions of the rings and the diameter of the shaft. Verticality is maintained with a plumb line.
Every water supply system involves the formation of a source. It can be dug at any time of the year. But we do not recommend doing this in the spring, as you can make a mistake with finding underground streams.
How to automate the pumping of water from a well?
If the water supply of a country house is automated, then you will not have to constantly run to the well with buckets. For the purpose of automation, specialized equipment is used. The main component is the pump. Its device has a number of design features. For example, it is equipped with a float switch and a strainer at the inlet. Also, the electrical device must be protected from water penetration.
Two types of pumps are commonly used:
- With installed grating at the entrance. Usually it is mounted with a hanging method, which is a good solution for a bottom that is full of silt.
- With support,fixed at the bottom of a closed tank.
The process of building a well is divided into a number of stages. Arrangement of wells with their own hands may well be carried out. The involvement of an experienced craftsman is required when choosing the location of the well and carrying out electrical work.
Having prepared the necessary tools and materials, as well as having read the recommendations of people who are knowledgeable in this matter, you can provide a country house with a water supply system.
What do you need to build a well?
- Pump. Its choice depends on the depth of the well and the volume of water supplied. The deep submersible model has proven itself well.
- Pressure switch. This electric device is used to turn off the pump after reaching a certain pressure level. Shutdown is carried out at an automated level in accordance with the selected parameters.
- Return valve. This device serves to maintain the required pressure level in the pump and prevent the outflow of water into the well.
- Pipe set.
- Fasteners.
- Corners.
How to organize water supply?
The main stages of arranging a water supply well include the following:
- Initially, you should dig a trench from the well to the house. Its depth depends on the freezing of the earth in this area. It must be at least 1 m. A hole is made at the base of the well. This work is done with a sledgehammer. The gap is then filled with grout.
- Nextit is necessary to lower a flexible hose or pipe into the well. It is pre-screwed to the pump along with a check valve. The depth should be the same as that of a normal water intake (depending on the terrain).
- There is a plastic pipe and cable for the pump in the trench. Typically, the length of the cable is 40 m. If its length is insufficient, then the missing centimeters are added by extension. This procedure is carried out taking into account that the performer is familiar with the rules of power supply.
- After the pipe and cable are laid, you can proceed to the connection. It depends on the type and material of manufacture. Metal products are connected by welding, for plastic pipes there are other methods. The main thing is the observance of tightness. Plastic pipes have an advantage over metal counterparts. When water freezes, they do not crack.
- Then you should start putting pipes into the house. For this purpose, the foundation is dug up and a hole is made in the floor. It is better to choose an inconspicuous place.
- After summing up the system, you need to connect a relay to it. The pump cable is connected to the relay. The machine settings should be checked carefully.
- The pump cable must be connected to the mains. A valve is installed on the pressure switch, which is an adapter for pipes.
Piping in the house
For efficient wiring, a number of rules should be followed:
- A water outlet with a tap is installed at the lowest point of the system. It is necessary for draining water during repairs andpreventive work.
- Do not connect the toilet with a plastic pipe. Fluctuations in water pressure can rupture the pipe. Also, drops can cause damage to the joints of elements along the entire length of the system. Therefore, the pipes must be connected in a quality manner.
Pump station
The pumping station has a limited immersion depth - up to 9 m.
Such a system can be of different tiers:
- With hydraulic accumulator. This mechanism is equipped with a surface pump and a tank. Such a system pumps water into the tank until the required pressure is reached. When the valve is opened, water will flow from the faucet. The advantage of this type is that there is always a certain amount of water in the tank, which can be used even if the system fails. The disadvantages include the difference in pressure.
- The automatic aggregate works on the same principle as the surface aggregate. But the accumulation of water occurs in the tank. Opening the water turns the pump on, and closing it turns it off. The automated unit is equipped with a filter system and protection against dry running. This system is not affected by pressure drops.
Installation of the pumping station
The following devices are needed to install the station:
- water filter;
- protective relay;
- check valve;
- pressure switch;
- automated block;
- voltage stabilizer.
Before installing the pump, you should choose its location, as well as determine the distance from thisplaces to a source of water. Also an important nuance is the depth of immersion.
Usually, pumping stations are mounted deep in the house or utility room. If the house is far from the well, the pump is installed closer to the water source. The device must be protected from moisture and temperature fluctuations.
Varieties of sewer wells
There are several types of sewer wells:
- Lookout. Serves to cleanse the system.
- Variable. Mounted if the difference between the pipes is above the allowable value.
- Rotary. It is installed at the place of pipe bends. This makes it possible to avoid blockages.
- Cumulative. Such a sealed container is needed for the accumulation of wastewater. After it is filled, water is pumped out by means of a pump or a sewer.
- Filtration. Why do you need such an arrangement of the well? The waters in it are pre-treated.
Choice of material for the sewer well
Recently, more and more often plastic is taken as the basis of structures. It is distinguished by a low level of frost resistance. The design of such a sewer well is in no way inferior to a reinforced concrete counterpart. The structure also assumes the presence of a shaft pipe, a base and a telescopic cover. Often the system includes a ring of concrete with a slab and a hatch.
Pros of plastic construction
Plastic systems have a number of advantages. Their base already contains holes for the release of water, which are adjusted to the diametersewer pipes. In reinforced concrete structures, it is necessary to measure the holes for pipes when gouging them, which requires money and time.
The construction of a plastic sewer well is reliable. This design is able to withstand high water pressure. Cast iron hatches and special storm water inlets are divided into different load classes. The most commonly used type is B, rated at 12.5 tons, and type D, rated at 40 tons.
Plastic storage tank with rain inlet
The height of such a well should not be more than 2.5 m. The diameter of the ring should be 1 m. Since the soil is different, it is very difficult to determine the size of the well. If the volume of the erected well turns out to be insufficient, then a second structure is erected, which is connected to the first one by means of an overflow pipe.
Depth of sewer pipes
The installation of a sewer well is completed by laying pipes. The depth of their passage should be 40 cm. It is important to observe the slope of the pipe, which should be at least 1 cm per 1 m of the route. Also, do not forget about waterproofing.
When digging a trench, don't dig too deep. It is better to leave a margin, as the sprinkled earth may settle, which will disrupt the slope of the track. Hard objects should not be placed under the track, as they contribute to damage to the pipe.
