Design work applied to capital construction projects is distinguished by rigor and breadth of coverage of operational aspects. Hotel-type buildings are especially complex in terms of planning, since the development of technical specifications in this case requires a multifactorial architectural and engineering analysis. This is primarily due to the requirements of security standards. But in general, hotel design should be guided by the normative document SNiP.
Requirements for land plots
Characteristics of the land plot often determine the properties of the construction object. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the parameters of the working site in advance. If we talk about mandatory rules, then the zone should have the possibility of free access and be located at a distance from environmentally hazardous areas and industrial facilities. The geodetic properties of the sites for which the design of hotels is carried out are also taken into account. Regulations in forcefor residential buildings, and in particular section II-L.1-62 of the SNiP documents, can be taken as the basis for the development of this part of the design activities.
In addition to the general engineering and technical capabilities of the site, it is important to assess the local infrastructure potential for development. This is primarily transportation. As noted in the rules, for every 10 rooms, architects must provide space for at least 1 car in the parking area. If we are talking about 150 places, then hotel projects are also calculated on the possibility for the entrance and parking of one bus.
Space-planning solutions
Mostly, planning work concerns the development of technical solutions for rooms and utility rooms. One of the main regulations in this part is that hotel rooms cannot be located below the above-ground level. At the same time, on the basement floors, the layout of the hotel may provide for the placement of a left-luggage office, a hairdresser, a consumer service point, a pantry, a laundry room, a dining room, etc. Warehouse and working plumbing units can be equipped at the level of the basement tiers.
Special requirements are placed on the planning of elevators, cooking, harvesting and technical rooms. It is important that the design of hotels provides the greatest possible insulation protection of such objects inside the building. This is especially true for premises where power propulsion systems, motors, pump stations and garbage chutes operate. Developers must provide effective meansvibration and noise reduction. The project provides guidance on the selection of appropriate insulation materials.
Regulatory requirements for numbers
In terms of planning, there are two categories of rooms. There are no clear divisions between these groups. But in terms of characteristics, the second category surpasses the first in area. On the other hand, the rooms of the first group provide for more technological engineering and household equipment. So, the layout of the hotel in relation to such apartments assumes the number of rooms from 1 to 2. At the same time, the total area varies from 9 to 22 m2. As for engineering equipment, the room receives a full-fledged plumbing unit with a washbasin, toilet bowl, bidet, bathtub and shower.
The second category, as a rule, provides for 1 room and up to 4 beds. Living area varies from 9 to 18 m2. Obviously, there is not much usable space in such an environment. Therefore, projects of hotels with such rooms provide for limited equipment with sanitary equipment. Single washbasins can be installed in the room.
Requirements for service premises
Most of the premises designed to serve guests are cafes, canteens, buffets and snack bars. The main thing in designing such facilities is taking into account the number of customers, which is based on the total load of the establishment. Specific figures are indicated in the regulations. They regulate the design of the hotel. SNiP under item 3.25, in particular, indicates that the arearooms for a hotel with a load of 50 people should be at least 50 m2. There are also other service points. They have slightly different requirements. Thus, the area of a hotel office that accommodates the same 50 people may already have 12 m2. In addition, architects should provide in the project for places for organizing workshops, a lobby group, luggage storage, etc.
Requirements for utility rooms
This category of premises includes objects such as the central laundry room, plumbing assembly unit, inventory storage and ventilation rooms. In the design of utility rooms and technical rooms, one should be guided by the principles of causing less harm to the residential area. That is, the construction of the hotel is carried out in such a way that these facilities receive the shortest route for the removal of exhaust gases and polluted air.
Lighting and electrical requirements
There are three main aspects to the implementation of the lighting system in the design solution. These are directly artificial light devices, low-current devices, as well as equipment that forms the infrastructure for managing electrical engineering. This part of the design is regulated by section II-B.6 of SNiP. In particular, the design of hotels in relation to lighting focuses on the organization of the interaction of electrical devices with the output to a single control panel. System designers should especially consider the principles of optimized networking. After all, this is oneone of the most costly items in the cost of maintaining and maintaining hotels.
Requirements for engineering equipment
The hotel should be equipped with ventilation, water supply, heating and, if necessary, gas supply systems. Input distribution systems are usually located in the basement or basement floors. If possible, the project also includes a separate room for the switchboard, to which only the employees of the institution have access. It is important to take into account that the design of hotels does not provide for the location of engineering and communication equipment under sinks, showers and sanitary facilities. Also, if there is a technical possibility, engineering lines are laid according to the type of hidden wiring.
Conclusion
In addition to the main sections of the design of the building structure, layout of premises and placement of engineering equipment, the development of technical specifications should also be based on economic principles. In order for the construction of a hotel to be economical, but at the same time of high quality, architects must carefully analyze the range of building materials that can be used.
The expediency of applying certain design solutions is also calculated. Moreover, it is not always financial justification that drives project developers in the process of optimizing a technical solution. Often the focus is on improving safety performance or minimizingfuture operating costs.
