Private houses in Russia can be built using a variety of technologies. Such buildings are built in our country from brick, timber, logs, foam concrete. But the cheapest type of country private houses for many years have been frame houses. Residential buildings of this variety are being built using a fairly simple technology. And in many cases, the owners of suburban areas build such houses with their own hands. The design of this type of building is extremely simple. However, before starting construction, of course, you need to draw up a plan for a frame house, develop a project and make all the necessary drawings.
Advantages and disadvantages
The main advantages of buildings of this type are, of course, precisely the cheapness and ease of construction. Also, the owners of suburban areas also attribute their excellent performance to the advantage of frame structures. The microclimate in such houses is usually created very good. In this regard, structures of this type are inferior to block-shaped or, for example, brick buildings. But living in such houses is still quite comfortable. In winter they are not cold, butnot too hot in summer.
Some drawback of buildings of this type is only a shorter service life than that of more solid buildings. Such structures require repair more often than brick or log structures. Yes, and they decay, of course, faster than stone or chopped houses. But such a building can serve for a long time. With proper design and compliance with construction technologies, more than one generation of owners will most likely be able to live in such a house.
Permissible height settings
Too big such buildings, unlike the same brick or, for example, panel, of course, do not build. According to the SNIP standards, the height of a frame house built using non-combustible insulation should not exceed 2 floors. Moreover, such a building may additionally have:
- ground floor;
- attic.
That is, in fact, houses of this type can have 4 floors - two full and two additional.
Length, building width and ceiling heights
Many construction companies today specialize in the construction of frame houses. Such firms develop business plans, including on the basis of current prices for various types of lumber. However, at the same time, the main focus of the companies of this specialization in most cases is on the convenience of the internal configuration of the houses being built for future residents. The owners of suburban areas, who decided to build such a building on their own, consider saving material as a priority. The layout in this case is usuallysimply adapts to the design of the house.
When choosing the dimensions of a frame structure when developing a plan on their own, the owners of suburban areas take into account the standard dimensions of the materials used for its construction - boards, timber, OSB. This allows you to significantly save on construction by reducing the amount of scrap.
For example, on the market you can most often find timber and a board of 6,000 mm. That is, to draw up a plan for a residential frame house and design it in such a way that its length and width are subsequently a multiple of this value. When constructing a one-story building, the height of the walls can be chosen 3 meters. About 50 cm in this case will go to the insulated floor and attic floor. If the house is supposed to be built two-story, the timber will have to be cut in such a way that the height of the ceilings in the house is equal to the usual 2.5 m.
Small frame houses are quite often sheathed with a board. But in the construction of low-rise suburban buildings of a large area, OSB boards are usually used for this purpose. In this case, when designing a house, it is worth focusing on the dimensions of this particular cladding. After all, the purchase of plates will cost much more than the purchase of timber for the frame. 3.75, 5, 6.25, 7.5, 8.75, 10, 11.25, 12.5 m, etc.
The facing material of this variety has a length of 2.5 m. It is this size that is best included in the project as the height of the floors of the frameat home.
Features of the layout of a one-story building
Design a frame structure in such a way that it would be as convenient as possible to live in it in the future. In one-story houses of this type, like any other, the following premises are usually provided:
- kitchen;
- bathroom;
- living rooms;
- entrance hall.
The plan of a one-story frame house, if desired, can be developed independently. Thus, those owners of suburban areas who decide to build a small suburban building most often act. If it is supposed to build a larger residential building with your own hands, it is better to take its layout from the Internet.
There are many projects of frame houses with a plan on the Web. For example, an 8m x 14m building with a veranda inside might look like the diagram below.
This house can comfortably accommodate a family of 4 people. The veranda in the building of such a layout serves as a hallway. All rooms can be accessed through the hall, which is quite convenient.
Two-story building plan
Building such a house will save space on the site. When planning in a two-story frame building, the following rooms are usually provided:
- kitchen;
- bath;
- bathroom;
- hallway;
- hall;
- cabinet;
- living rooms;
- boiler room;
- tambour;
- dining room, etc.
In order to live in such a house it was convenient, when designing it, it is worth consideringand some rules for placing rooms on floors. In such residential buildings, bedrooms are usually equipped on the second floor. Often there is also a bathroom with a pantry. The rest of the premises are usually equipped on the ground floor. At the same time, they are trying to equip the living room closest to the front door. The office is made in the back of the house, in a quiet place. Most often, some small corner room is allocated under the boiler room. The same applies to the bathroom.
Below we present to the reader a plan of a frame house with an area of 81 m2. On the ground floor in this building there is a living room (1), a bathroom (3), a kitchen (2) and one of the bedrooms, which can be replaced with an office. On the second floor there are 3 bedrooms (4, 5, 6), a storage room (2) and a corridor (3).
Recommendations for the arrangement of the attic
Two-story frame houses are quite popular among the owners of suburban areas. But most often, private traders build one-story buildings of this type with an attic. The plan of the frame house in this case is usually developed taking into account the comfortable accommodation of 3-5 people. The attic, of course, does not replace a full-fledged floor in the house. But still there is a lot of usable area in it and here you can equip several rooms for different purposes.
Usually, bedrooms and offices are equipped in the attic of the frame builders. The kitchen, living room, dining room, boiler room, bathroom in such houses are most often placed on the main floor.
Veranda and loggia
Such structures are part of the frame house in the vast majority of cases. ATthe plan of a frame house 6 by 9 m, 9 x 9, or even 4 x 4 can be included as a small veranda from the side, for example, of the main facade, as well as a long one - for two or three walls. This type of structure can be left open. It would also be a good solution to glaze and insulate the veranda. In the latter case, it can be used in the future as an additional room in the winter season.
In the attics or on the second floors of frame houses, loggias are often equipped. Such a design can also be glazed, insulated and equipped here, for example, an office or a mini-gym. Loggias in the attics of frame houses are recessed or remote. The first type of construction is mainly used to give the house a stylish and modern look. The floor of such a loggia is the ceiling of the underlying floor. Such premises in frame houses are almost always glazed.
Remote loggias in frame houses usually rest on porch racks. In the project, they are provided precisely in order to increase the living area of the building.
Recommendations for the arrangement of the basement floor
Underground or semi-underground premises quite often include projects of frame houses. It will also be relatively easy to decide on the plan of such a building. In the basement of a frame house can be placed:
- boiler room;
- garage;
- pantries;
- laundry;
- billiard room, etc.
Boiler rooms in the basement floors of frame houses are placed quite often. However, to equip such a room in the basementunfortunately not always possible. Only conventional electric, gas mains or, for example, solid fuel boilers are allowed to be installed on the basement floor. Heating units operating on LPG (liquefied hydrocarbon gas) cannot be placed in basements, according to regulations.
Square buildings
Frame houses often have this shape in terms of plan. Square buildings in relation to the materials used for construction are considered the most economical. It is mainly due to this that such structures are very popular among the owners of suburban areas in Russia.
Also, such houses are considered very convenient in design. Developing a plan for a 9 by 9 m frame house, for example, will be somewhat easier than building 4 x 6 m or 7 x 10 m.
The frame of such buildings is the most resistant to all sorts of dynamic loads. The advantages of such houses include the fact that this figure is the most energy-saving. Whatever the plan of the frame house 8 by 8 m, 6 x 6 m, etc., is developed, not too much money will be spent on its heating in the future. In addition, square buildings also look very neat and compact on the site.
Below we present to the attention of the reader a plan of a frame house 6 by 6 m with an attic. On the ground floor of this building there is a terrace, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room. At the same time, rooms such as a bedroom and a balcony are equipped in the attic.
And this is how a finished drawing and project of a 9 x 9 m frame house may look like.use if there is no desire to invent anything on your own.
In such a building, of course, much more rooms for various purposes can be placed.
Engineering systems: heating
For heating frame houses outside the city, gas boilers are most often used. Also, a relatively good solution could be to install an electric heating unit in such a house.
Unfortunately, heat losses in frame houses, in comparison with brick or chopped ones, are usually quite large. To prevent cold in such a building in winter, experts recommend equipping it with a radiator heating system with forced water circulation.
Building electrification: expert advice
The frame house plan should be developed taking into account the fact that such structures are classified as fire hazardous. Wires and cables in them must be pulled in compliance with certain standards. For example, installation sites for “heavy” equipment in terms of energy consumption with separately dedicated lines in such buildings need to be planned in advance. Also, when electrifying frame houses, the following rules should be observed:
- the entrance to the house must be grounded (even if such protection is already provided at the pole);
- electrical wiring inside the walls of such a building should be pulled in a protective non-combustible shell.
Rules of the PUE prescribe wiring in such houses exclusively in thin-walled metal tubes. However, to implement suchfor example, in a large frame, where several sockets can be mounted in each room, of course, it will be very problematic. In practice, the outdated rules of the PUE for the electrification of such structures, therefore, even professional electricians are guided quite rarely. Wiring is pulled in such houses, usually in modern PVC corrugations or metal hoses.
According to SP 31-105-2002 "Designing houses with a wooden frame", cables in such buildings are completely allowed to be laid simply "by passing through voids and spaces filled with insulation." If desired, you can stretch the wires and guided by such standards. However, this solution will not be very successful. If the insulation breaks down, the wooden structures of the building can catch fire when using this gasket technique. Yes, and to replace the damaged section of the cable, the owners of the house in this case will have to dismantle almost half of the wall.
Do I need ventilation?
When drawing up a plan for a frame house, it is worth considering, among other things, how to install such an engineering system. Ventilation in a building of this type must be equipped. In the construction of such structures, vapor barriers and heat-reflecting materials are usually used. In fact, houses of this variety are large hermetic "thermoses". The access of fresh air from the street to the premises of the carcasses is almost completely blocked.
The ventilation system in such a building is best equipped with a supply and exhaust. During the installation of such a network, air ducts are usually stretched in ceilings and walls. ATIn the premises, the outlet pipes are led out under the ceiling, the supply pipes - near the floor. The air handling unit itself can be placed, for example, on the basement floor or in the attic. Of course, it is necessary to design a frame house in such a way that when laying air ducts with a large cross-section, subsequently, it would not be necessary to affect the supporting support posts and floor beams.
Recommended pipe laying experts
The heating and plumbing lines stretched over the walls, of course, spoil the appearance of the premises in the house. In brick and log houses, they usually try to hide them behind the sheathing. In a frame building, pipes can simply be pulled directly inside the walls. When laying highways in this way in a house, in some cases it is necessary to drill racks. You need to do this work so that in the end the supports are weakened as little as possible.
Water supply and sanitation
Entrepreneurs in the business plan for the construction of frame houses often include the costs of organizing these two types of engineering systems (if there are centralized networks of this type nearby). It is necessary to provide for such communications in the independent construction of a residential low-rise building.
Water supply and sewerage systems are being built in carcasses using standard technologies. That is, a well is drilled next to such a building to supply water. Further to the house in a trench with insulation, an external highway is stretched. A water treatment system is installed on the ground floor. Heatwater in such buildings can be produced by a double-circuit boiler or boiler.
Waste water from a frame house, like from any other, is usually discharged into a septic tank. To have such a receiver in the yard, according to the standards, should be no closer than 5 m to the foundation of the building. The external line extends to the septic tank in a trench with a slight slope. In the building itself, a riser and a sunbed are mounted. Along the latter, consumers are installed - a bathtub, a shower cubicle, sinks, sinks.
