The article will talk about the nodes of the frame house. The construction of such structures is very similar to the assembly of the Lego constructor. It is imperative to have a scheme according to which the entire house is assembled. The reliability and strength of the entire structure directly depends on the quality of assembly of all nodes. In our article, we will consider the features of all the main nodes, as well as the connections used in the construction of frame houses. Most importantly, we will pay attention to how the upper and lower trim, jibs, racks, and crossbars are correctly fixed.
Bottom strap
This is a frame made from wooden beams or boards joined together. The frame is laid on the surface of the foundation and is one of the main components of a frame wooden house. As a rule, pile-screw foundations or slab foundations are made for frame houses. First, the beds must be laid on the concrete foundation.
These are boards that are placed under the bottom trim. These boards are used to levelfoundation, you can hide all the flaws that were made during the pouring. The lower trim is fastened with anchor bolts. Between these anchors there should be a distance of no more than half a meter. But be sure to place fasteners at the ends of the beams.
How to install anchors
In order to install the anchor, it is necessary to make holes in the foundation with a certain depth. They must pass completely through the entire board, and also go deep into the concrete base. The depth of twisting and drilling of the anchor connection is determined by the height of the walls of the house. Also, the method depends on what kind of design the foundation has. At a height of about 3 m, it is necessary to install the anchor in concrete to a depth of 15 to 20 cm. The article contains drawings of frame house units and types of connections.
Another option for installing anchors is concreting studs when pouring the foundation. First you pour a concrete slab or tape, in the right places you need to insert hollow cone studs into the concrete, which have an internal thread. Once the concrete has hardened, you simply need to screw the anchors into these studs.
What are the features of anchor connections
When using an anchor connection, certain difficulties will arise if these recommendations are not followed:
- In the beam it is necessary to drill holes approximately 3 mm larger than the diameter of the anchor stud.
- You need to put wide washers under the heads of the anchor bolts, this will significantly increase the contact area with the surface of the timber. This will also increase the strength of the fastener.
Before fixing with anchors, waterproofing must be done. Several layers of roofing material must be laid on concrete, it is allowed to cover the foundation with special waterproof compounds or mastic.
There are not very many nodes in the construction of a frame house, but their installation must be done correctly. After carrying out all installation work, it is imperative to check the horizontal position of the structure. Deviation is allowed no more than 0.5 degrees for every 3 m.
Lower strapping on columnar foundation
The fasteners described above are used when fixing the lower trim of a frame house on a slab or strip foundation. In the same case, if you are using a columnar base, it is recommended to choose a slightly different scheme:
- In order to make the installation as convenient as possible, it is necessary to provide the upper part of the supports with flat horizontal arms with holes.
- It is necessary to lay timber beams on these headrests, they perform the function of a grillage. Then, recesses of the required length are drilled in the wooden beams. They need to be drilled for the holes that are already in the arms.
- Fix the beam with bolts or screws.
- Be sure to fix the beam on the foundation.
It is worth noting that shallow plates and ribbons can move at low temperatures, and over considerable distances. Therefore, you can guarantee durability and reliabilityonly if you make a quality connection of the lower harness and an extra one.
Structure of frame structure nodes
Frame vertical racks must be installed on top of the bottom trim, fasteners are made with nails. The nodes of the frame house are connected either with metal corners or with T-shaped plates. It is worth noting that such a connection is much simpler. Wooden beams are fixed with metal nails. A more complex, but reliable connection is made using a joint and partial cutting of the lower beam.
For frame corner supports, you can use a joint without cutting. In the main nodes of frame houses, butt joint and fixation with corners or plates are used. For do-it-yourself installation work, this method is the best way possible. In the same case, if professionals work, you need to use a connection with a partial tie-in.
Partial felling
It is necessary that the cutting should have a size of approximately 30-50% of the thickness of the timber used in the lower trim.
Fixing a corner joint without a tie-in should be done using metal plates or wood screws. It is necessary to use steel corners with reinforcement and holes. Self-tapping screws must be strong - golden or silver (this is how they can be distinguished, black will not work).
It is worth noting that the nodes of the connection of woodenstructures in a frame house must be made strong, it is possible to strengthen the corners for fixing the house by processing. For this, metal plates are simply hardened during manufacture. You can also use thicker metal - 2 or 3 mm.
When to use punching
Partial punched joints are often used when attaching studs in the middle of a wall. The supports must be installed in pre-prepared recesses and fixed with ordinary nails. After that, it is necessary to supplement the vertical fixation with the help of jibs. These are diagonally inclined planks that abut on one side against a horizontal harness, and on the other against a vertically located rack. For greater convenience, the ends are made beveled. To do this, simply cut off part of the end side.
Top harness
The upper trim is laid on supports arranged vertically. This is done after the corner posts are mounted. In the event that the house has a rather large perimeter, intermediate poles must also be installed. Only then can the upper harness be installed.
After the top row is installed, you need to fix the temporary braces, which should pass through the entire wall. Next, fix all the other vertical poles, as well as jibs to them. After all installation work, you can remove the temporary elements.
How convenient it is to assemble walls
It is very convenient to fix the joints of the walls of the frame house in the prone position, while connectingamong themselves elements of the lower trim, vertical poles, braces, crossbars, upper trim. And after that you need to raise the walls to a vertical position, you just have to fasten all the walls of the frame house together. In order for the connections to be as strong as possible, you need to use a second upper trim, which is overlapped with the first.
No need to cut the boards to make the connection "in the paw". Such a method with cutting out the end part can violate the integrity of the board, therefore, the entire structure will weaken. On top of the second strapping, it is necessary to lay the beams of interfloor ceilings. They are installed on the end, the distance should depend on the size of the spans. Fastening is done with nails.
Wall corners
The corners of frame houses are the places where the maximum heat loss occurs. Usually, this is where the accumulation of condensate occurs, so the insulation of the corners is carried out in the first place. When assembling the frame, care must be taken that all corners of the structure are as warm as possible. To do this, it is necessary to place a fixing flat plate on the outside of the vertical beam. It will allow you to connect the same-level adjacent surfaces of a vertical column and horizontal beams.
Insulation of corners
Corners for fixing are located on the side. They connect perpendicular surfaces. If you are building a frame house in a region with a very cold climate, then it is best to use it asside vertical racks are not solid wooden beams, but racks made of several boards. Such a design will look something like a well.
It is necessary to mount a heater inside this well, it will allow you to retain heat, and also limit its possible losses. The window unit in frame houses must also be made as warm as possible; for this, single racks are used. But it is necessary to remove the load from the door and window openings with the help of crossbars.
They must be fixed to the entire length of the wall with gashes in all racks located vertically. You also need to consider that there should be at least 1-2 vertical support boards under each window.
