There are several ways to supply water from a well to a house. Both the external trunk of such a network and the internal one can be mounted in different ways. The equipment used to create systems of this type differs in design and parameters.
Basic connection methods
The method of supplying water to a country house from a well can depend on factors such as:
- location of the mine - inside the building or outside;
- well depth;
- mine water quality;
- debit of the mine and the needs of the residents of the house.
Water from a well can be supplied a little differently to residential and country houses. In shallow mines, usually automated pumping stations are installed. For wells from 20 m in most cases, downhole pumps are used.
Budget scheme
One of the easiest ways to supply water to a building is to install a storage tank in the attic. This technology is usually chosen by the owners of small country houses. In this case, the pumping station is installed in the caisson, andstorage tank - in the attic or attic. Water to consumers when using this technique from the accumulator flows by gravity. As needed, it is pumped into the tank with a pump.
Sometimes such systems are equipped in residential buildings. This is done when the site is located far from large settlements. The power supply of villages and settlements in Russia, as you know, is not stable in most cases. With a hydraulic accumulator, the water supply of a private house from a well becomes more stable. Installing a storage tank in the attic of the building and its timely filling allows you to provide residents with water even in the absence of mains voltage.
Winter feed
Just perfect, this technique is suitable primarily for cottages used only in summer. In winter, the water in the tank with this technology will, of course, freeze. If the cottage is supposed to be visited, including during the cold season, the attic or attic will have to be additionally insulated and heating equipment installed here.
Also, the owners of a country house will need to lay the street main and internal wiring pipes in a special way. Water in such a network, of course, should not stagnate. Otherwise, it will be guaranteed to freeze on cold days. To prevent this from happening, when installing the system, the pipes are laid with a slight slope towards the well. In this case, when the pump is turned off, water flows by gravity from the mains into the mine.
This technologyallows not only to ensure the uninterrupted use of all consumers in the house, but also to prevent damage to equipment. As you know, water expands when it freezes. The result of this may be, for example, a rupture of the external highway.
Using heating cables
In most cases, the external mains of the water supply network of the house are laid below the freezing depth of the soil. This reduces the risk of interruptions in supply during the winter due to freezing to almost zero. However, sometimes it happens that it is not possible to lay pipes in this way on the site. For example, it is unlikely that it will be possible to hollow out a rock by 80-200 cm to supply water to a private house from a well.
If the pipes are not laid too deep, a special heating cable is additionally used. Such wires may have a different design and be mounted using different technologies. Cheap cables are usually wound on top of the trunk with coils. More reliable options in terms of breakdowns can be skipped inside the pipe.
If the section of the external water supply line, laid at a shallow depth, has a short length, another technology can be used for its additional insulation. In this case:
- sleepers are laid on both sides of the backfilled trench with a pipe;
- loose garden soil is poured between the sleepers.
The main line in this case must be wrapped with a cable or at least insulated with mineral wool.
Draining the system
Very often the highways of external andinternal water pipes of country houses are mounted with a slope and in the summer version of the arrangement of the system. This is usually done when the garden building has a sufficiently large area and is equipped, among other things, with a sewerage system.
In this case, a special branch pipe is mounted at the end of the street water pipe. In the future, an external main sewer network of the house is connected to it. This design allows you to drain water from pipes during conservation for the winter into a septic tank or a separate shambo.
How to get water from a well into the house: two-stage supply
This technology is used if the well has a depth of more than 50 meters. In such systems, the capacity of even the most expensive submersible units or pumping stations for uninterrupted supply during peak periods may not be enough. The use of two-stage technology allows you to avoid interruptions in the water supply, and therefore make living in the house much more comfortable.
Also, this option for connecting water from a well to a house is often used with a small debit of the latter. In this case, breaks can occur simply due to lack of water in the mine. The use of specially designed equipment on such wells also ensures uninterrupted operation of consumers.
Two-stage technology: features of arrangement
When using this technique for supplying water from a well to a house, after pumping equipment, an expansion tank with a float switch is installed in the caisson. After filling this container, the system is activatedde-energizing equipment.
After the expansion tank, another pressure pump is mounted in such a network. After it, a second accumulator is installed in a similar way. Such a system allows you to store more water for simple consumption in the house and give it away as needed.
Manual feed
This technology is the most inexpensive and rarely used. Like the tower system, it is mainly used only in summer cottages in very shallow mines. Such wells, designed to supply water to the house, are drilled with their own hands in most cases.
The caisson around mines of this type is usually not excavated. The hand pump is installed on the well at ground level. Water from such mines, as well as from wells, is taken in most cases in buckets, using it both for domestic needs and for watering plantings.
Feed from a well drilled in the house
Such mines are usually equipped in rooms with an area of at least 2 x 2 m. Most often they are located on the basement floor. A feature of the water supply system from the well in this case is the absence of an external line. The question of how to bring water from a well into a house is not at all for the owners of a suburban area when using such a scheme. During the arrangement inside the building, a special hermetic head is necessarily put on the mine itself. This helps to prevent spillage into the premises when the water level rises underground.
Deep wells in the premises can only be drilled at the stage of building a house or immediately before it. In ready-made buildings, usually small wells are equipped with the help of a small drilling rig. The supply of water from such mines is carried out, respectively, with the help of equipment of not too high power. These are mainly surface pumps.
The advantage of arranging a well directly in the house is that the freezing of pipes in this case is completely excluded. In addition, work when connecting such a well to the water supply system at home is cheaper due to the lack of the need to install an external line. Repair of the equipment of such a well, since it is carried out only indoors, in the winter season can also become a more convenient procedure.
What are pumping stations
When using such equipment, surface units are used for pumping water. Such stations are usually mounted in caissons of mines of not too great depth - up to 20 m. In this case, a storage hydraulic tank is usually included with pumping equipment. Its capacity can be from 100 to 500 liters. The hydraulic tank is provided with a rubber membrane and relays that regulate the water pressure inside it.
A feature of this type of equipment is, first of all, that it is able to supply water to the house from a well both directly and automatically after the pressure drops in the pipes to a certain level. In the latter case, the pump simply replenishes the supply consumed from the hydraulic tank.
Feeding unit atusing such equipment is installed in a caisson. The hydraulic tank, in most cases, is placed in the house, in some utility room.
Deep pump
Such equipment, when arranging the water supply system at home, is lowered directly into the well shaft. Most often, deep-well pumps are used in the installation of tower supply networks. That is, equipment of this type pumps water into a storage tank located in the attic of the house.
The advantage of deep pumps, in comparison with stations, is that they are able to pump water even from fairly long wells. The volume of tanks installed in the attic can reach 1500 liters.
A feature of the installation of deep pumps is that check valves are usually installed above them. Otherwise, when the equipment is turned off, the water will begin to drain down through the pump back into the well from the storage tank. Such equipment is mounted on a cable along with a cable in such a way that the distance from its lower point to the bottom of the well is 1-3 meters. Otherwise, the deep pump will raise turbidity in the mine and clog.
Equipment of this type from different manufacturers can be installed in mines. For example, borehole pumps "Dzhileks", "Vodomet", "Aquarius", etc. are popular with owners of summer cottages.
What other equipment can be used
Almost always, when arranging wells, in addition to a pump and a storage tank, a coarse filter is mounted. Withoutof this structural element, the water and heating equipment used in the house would quickly fail. Even in the deepest well there are always various kinds of suspensions. Getting inside pumps and heating units installed in the house, grains of sand can clog them.
A coarse filter, mounted in most cases at the entrance of the main to the house, detains them in its housing. Such filters are mounted when arranging water supply systems using supply equipment from any manufacturer. They are supplemented by networks, both with inexpensive borehole pumps - "Dzhileks", "Vodomet", and with better and more durable equipment - "Pedrollo", "Grundfos".
Also, when arranging wells, depending on the composition and quality of the water supplied from them, the following can be installed in the building:
- fine filters;
- iron removers;
- softeners.
Sometimes disinfectants are also installed in a country house to purify water from a well.
How Well Projects Are Designed
Such sources of water supply are equipped approximately according to the following technology:
- geological surveys are being carried out in order to identify the level of occurrence of water layers in certain places of the site;
- mine drilling in progress;
- casing is inserted into the shaft during drilling;
- digging a pit-caisson;
- caisson walls are poured with concrete;
- a pipe and a cable for the pump are brought to the shaft in the trench;
- station is mounted orpump.
When drawing up a project for supplying water to a house from a well, in addition to choosing the right place for the mine, it is important to determine the characteristics of the equipment used, primarily the pump. The required pressure of such units is determined by the following formula:
Q=Hv + P + H,
where Hv is the height difference between the pump and the upper point of the water supply, P is the tabular loss factor, H is the free pressure on the spout (usually a value of 15 to 20 m is taken). Also, when drawing up a project, the need to install additional filters and a disinfectant for water purification from a well in a country house is determined.
