Wooden parts are used in many products. And their connection is an important process on which the strength of the entire structure depends.
Dozens of different compounds are used to make furniture and other wood products. The choice of how to connect wood parts depends on what the product should be in the end and what load it should carry.
Types of connections
When connecting wooden parts, you need to remember an important point - always a thin part is attached to a thick one, but not vice versa.
According to the mutual arrangement of elements, there are such ways of connecting wood parts:
- building - increasing the detail in height;
- splicing - elongation of the workpiece;
- rally - increasing the width of the element;
- knitting - connection at an angle.
Methods of connecting wooden parts in the manufacture of furniture are most often used as follows:
- bonding;
- dovetail;
- butt;
- groove;
- overlapping;
- deaf on spikes;
- through spike.
Let's consider the technologies of some compounds in more detail.
Splice length
This type of connection of wooden parts has some nuances. At its core, this is the elongation of elements in the horizontal direction. Splicing can be:
- Back-to-back - the cuts of the ends are made at a right angle and are combined with each other. A bracket is hammered into both beams (logs).
- Oblique butt - the cuts are made at an angle, and the ends are fastened with a pin or nail.
- Front butt with ridge.
- Direct overlay - the length of the cutting is 1.5-2 times greater than the thickness of the beam (log).
- Slanting overlay - the ends are cut at an angle and fixed with bolts.
- Overlay with an oblique cut - end ridges are made at the ends of the parts, having a width and length one third of the thickness of the timber.
Height Extension
From the name it is clear that the essence is to lengthen the bars or logs in the vertical direction. The axes of the elements are on the same vertical straight line. Extension types are:
- Building end-to-end. To absorb random loads, a barbed pin is inserted on the sides.
- Extension with one or two spikes. The width and height of one spike must be at least one third of the timber thickness. The depth of the nest is slightly more than the height of the spike.
- Growing to half a tree. The ends of both logs must be cut to half their thickness by 3-3.5diameter in length.
- Building tongue. In one beam, you need to cut a fork into which you need to insert the correspondingly cut end of the other workpiece. The connection itself must be wrapped with tin.
Collection in width
Apply to increase the width of the product. When using rallying methods, it is important to pay attention to the location of the annual rings of the tree. It is important to alternate boards depending on their direction. Rally options are:
- Back-to-back - parts need to be hewn and milled on a square.
- In the tongue - the height and width of the ridge is equal to 1/3 of the thickness of the board.
- In a hacksaw - the edges must be cut at an acute angle to the wide plane of the board.
- Comb with a height of 1/3 to half the board.
- A quarter with a ledge equal to half the thickness of the board.
- Into the tongue with rails - in each board, select the grooves into which you want to insert the rail, which has a width twice the depth of the groove.
Knitting
Knitting is used when it becomes necessary to connect parts at an angle. Types of knitting are:
- half-wood knitting with hidden spike;
- half paw knitting;
- single and double slotted spikes;
- slotted paw.
Angle end connection
The easiest way to bring two parts together. Joining wooden parts at right angles is done using this method. The surfaces of the two parts are carefully adjusted to each other and pressed tightly. going onconnecting wooden parts with nails or screws. Their length should be such that they pass through the first part and go deep into the second one by about 1/3 of the length.
In order for the fastening to be reliable, it is necessary to drive in at least two nails. You need to place them on the sides of the center line. The thickness of the nail should not cause cracking of the wood. Therefore, it is recommended to make holes in advance with a diameter of 0.7 of the thickness of the nail used.
To enhance fixation, lubricate the surfaces that are connected with glue. For rooms that will not be under the influence of moisture, you can use carpentry, casein or skin glue. In the case of using the product in high humidity conditions, it is better to use a moisture-resistant adhesive, for example, epoxy.
T-connection overlay
To make such a connection of wooden parts, you need to lay one workpiece on top of another and fasten them together using bolts, screws or nails. You can arrange wooden blanks both at a certain angle to each other, and along one line.
To ensure that the angle of connection of the parts does not change, use at least 4 nails. If there are only two nails, then they are driven in diagonally. To make the fixation stronger, the nails must pass through both parts, and the protruding ends must be bent and deepened into the wood.
Half-tree join
To perform such a connection of two wooden parts, certain skills and experience are required. It is runningin the following way. In both workpieces, samples are made with a depth that corresponds to half of their thickness. The width of the sample must be equal to the width of the part.
The method of joining wooden parts in half a tree can be done at different angles. In this case, it is important to ensure that the angle is the same on both wooden blanks, and the width corresponds to the width of the part. Due to this, the parts are tightly pressed against each other, and their edges are located in the same plane.
In addition, such a connection can be full or partial. In the case of a partial connection, the end of one workpiece is cut at a certain angle, and an appropriate sample is made at the end of the other. Such connections include angular in the mustache of a half-tree. The bottom line is to cut both spikes at an angle of 45o, as a result of which the seam between them is located diagonally. When using this method, you need to be especially careful, and make corner cuts with a special tool - a miter box.
Pile connection
This type of connection of wooden parts is used for fastening planks or when laying the floor. The edge of one board has a spike, and the edge of the other has a groove. Accordingly, fastening occurs when the spike enters the groove. Such a connection looks very neat, since there are no gaps between the boards.
Dowels and grooves require some experience. And besides, for the manufacture will require a special machine. Therefore, it is easier to purchase ready-made parts.
Connection "socket-thorn"
The most commonly used method of joining wooden parts. Such a joint is strong, rigid and looks as neat as possible. To make such a connection, you need to have some skills and experience, as well as be careful. Incorrectly made connection "socket-thorn" is fragile and looks ugly.
The essence of it is as follows. At the end of one workpiece, a groove is drilled or hollowed out, and at the end of the other, a spike. It's better when the elements have the same width. If the thickness is different, then the spike is made in a thin part, and the groove, respectively, in a thick one.
Stud joint sequence:
- Using a thickness gauge, draw two risks parallel to each other on the side of one workpiece. The distance should be the width of the future spike. For its evenness, markup should be made on both sides.
- The most optimal tool for making spikes is a hacksaw with a narrow blade and fine teeth, or a bow saw. During operation, the teeth of the tool should pass along the inner edge of the marking line. For convenience, it is better to clamp the part in a vice. It is best to make the spike a little larger than the required size. Then, if necessary, you can remove the excess. But if the spike is shorter, then the whole process will need to be repeated again.
- Using a chisel or chisel, a nest (groove) is made in the second part. Naturally, the dimensions of the groove must correspond to the dimensions of the spike. It is best to drill holes around the entire perimeter of the groove before proceeding with chiselling. The edgescarefully processed with a chisel.
If the connection of wooden parts is done correctly, then the surfaces of the edges of the spikes fit snugly against the walls of the nest. This gives good adhesion when gluing. In order for the spikes to be tighter, their dimensions should be 0.2-0.3 mm larger than the size of the nest. If this value is exceeded, the bowstring may split, if the tolerance is less, the fastening will lose its strength during operation.
In addition, such a connection also involves gluing and fastening with screws, nails or wooden dowels. To simplify the work, holes should be drilled before screwing in the screws. The heads of the screws are hidden in a secret (made using a countersink). The pilot hole should be equal to 2/3 of the screw diameter and less than 6 mm (approximately) of its length.
Glue
Gluing wooden parts is carried out as follows:
- The surfaces to be glued are cleaned with a lint-free cloth, and the roughness is cleaned with fine emery.
- Using a cardboard stick, apply wood glue in an even thin layer on all necessary surfaces.
- The surfaces smeared with glue must be rubbed against each other. This will ensure even contact and a strong bond.
- Parts need to be pulled together so that the hold at the joints is secure. Measuring the diagonals will make sure that the corners are straight. They must be equal. If this is not the case, the position of the elements needs to be corrected.
- The connection is strengthened by drilling pilot holes into which thefinishing nails or screws are screwed in. The heads of the screws must be recessed, for this the holes must be bored. The nails are deepened using a punch.
- Holes with nails are covered with putty for wood. Holes bored for screws are closed with hardwood plugs lubricated with glue. When the glue or putty is dry, sand the surface so that it is smooth and then varnish.
Required Tools and Equipment
Tools to perform are very diverse. They are selected depending on the type of work performed. Since in carpentry the processed elements are larger than in carpentry, respectively, and the tool must be suitable.
To connect wooden parts use the following:
- axe;
- planer, straight and curved plows, bear, sherhebel - more thorough surface treatment;
- chisel - slotting holes and sockets;
- chisel - for cleaning cuts;
- drills with various tips - for through holes;
- various saws - for sawing up and down;
- hammer, hammer, sledgehammer, mallet;
- square, compasses, level and other auxiliary tools;
- nails, metal staples, bolts with nuts, screws and other fasteners.
Conclusion
Actually ways to connect wooden furniture partsor other designs, there are many more. The article describes the most popular methods and implementation technologies. It is important to remember that the connection of wooden parts for painting or varnishing must be carefully prepared, and all fastenings must be strong and made to last.
