The mechanical ventilation system is being installed in rooms for various purposes very often lately. Such networks make living in apartments and private houses much more comfortable. Unlike natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation can work regardless of weather conditions outside the building - wind strength, air temperature, etc.
At the moment, two types of such networks can be installed in various kinds of premises - channelless and channeled. Ventilation of the second type has a more complex design and is more expensive. But such networks and most effectively cope with the function of ensuring normal air exchange in the premises.
Where they can meet
In most cases, such systems are mounted in large production shops and warehouses. However, recently, channel networks have very often begun to be equipped in large private cottages and houses. In city apartments, ordinary simple ductless ventilation systems with an exhaust hood are most often installed.
Main Functions
Direct ventilation differs from simple ventilation primarily in that its design always includes special elements - air ducts. Through such highways, fresh air is supplied to the rooms and exhaust air is removed. Air ducts are pulled in such networks either in the attics of buildings, or in the thickness of floors and behind wall sheathing.
The main purpose of such systems, of course, is primarily to ensure normal air exchange in the premises of the house. But modern duct ventilation can additionally perform two more important functions:
- space heating in the winter season;
- their cooling - in the summer.
Also, the design elements of such networks in most cases are special filters that purify the air.
Varieties by type of equipment used
In this regard, duct ventilation systems are distinguished:
- supply;
- supply and exhaust.
In the first case, fresh air is supplied to the premises through channels as a result of the operation of the fan. At the same time, it is removed in a natural way - through cracks in the building structures. Supply duct ventilation is usually arranged in large one-story houses. When installing such a system, only supply air ducts are laid.
Supply and exhaust duct systems have a more complex design. In such networks, fans are responsible for both supply and exhaust air. Accordingly, air ducts in such networkstwo varieties are used:
- supply;
- diverting.
Sometimes duct exhaust ventilation is also installed in country houses. In this case, air is forced out of the premises. At the same time, it enters the house through cracks in its structures or through special valves mounted next to the windows.
Types by design
In most cases, ordinary duct supply and exhaust ventilation is installed in private homes and enterprises. But sometimes systems of this type, supplemented by a recuperator, can be installed in buildings. Such equipment allows home owners to significantly save on heating. Inside the recuperator, a block of many plates is provided. Passing through them, the cold air entering the premises is heated from the warm air removed outside the house.
Also, duct ventilation systems of buildings can differ in the type of air ducts. Most often, when assembling such networks in residential buildings and industrial premises, sleeves are stretched:
- iron square;
- flexible corrugated round plastic.
The first rigid type of ducting is most commonly used in manufacturing. Owners of private houses in most cases prefer to mount flexible corrugated channels. Such air ducts are much easier to hide in ceilings and behind wall cladding. In addition, sleeves of this type are easy to install. The only disadvantage of corrugated ducts isnot too long service life.
Operation principle
The most complex duct ventilation systems - supply and exhaust with a heat exchanger work approximately according to this principle:
- under the influence of the equipment of the air handling unit, usually located in the attic of the building, fresh air begins to flow into the rooms;
- at the same time, as a result of the operation of the exhaust fans, the exhaust air is removed outward through the sleeves through the roof.
The supply air ducts in such systems are passed through the walls into the premises, usually along the bottom. The outlets are displayed at the top of the walls or on the ceiling. As a result, during the operation of the air handling unit, cool air from the street begins to flow into the rooms from below. In the room, the flows are polluted, heated and rise to the ceiling, after which they are removed outside through the outlet channels.
It is not allowed to bring out air ducts in the arrangement of such systems in all rooms. The only thing is that when using such a simplified scheme, the doors between the rooms are not made airtight. In the canvases of interior structures, when arranging such ventilation, very often special holes are even cut for air circulation, which are subsequently sewn up with decorative grilles.
Pros and cons of the channel network
The main advantage of systems of this type is, of course, that they are able to provide ventilation of the premises of the house as efficiently as possible. With such a system in a building, neverthere are no areas with stagnation of air. Also, the advantages of such networks, of course, include the fact that when they are used in the house, you can create the most pleasant microclimate. By including additional equipment in the design of such ventilation, the air can:
- clean;
- warm up;
- cool.
In the first case, the design of the system is complemented by filters. For cooling, ducted air conditioners are installed in the air ducts of such ventilation. Recuperators and heaters are used to heat the flows coming from the street.
The main disadvantage of channel systems, consumers consider the complexity of their design. But to mount such a network in the house, if desired, you can do it yourself. However, the project of a system of this variety is usually entrusted to specialists by the owners of country houses. Only a competent engineer can determine the necessary places for laying air ducts, their cross section, as well as the required power of the air handling unit itself.
Types of fans
Networks of this variety can also differ in the main type of equipment. Fans in duct ventilation, depending on the cross-sectional shape of the air ducts, can be mounted round or square. The latter type of equipment is usually more powerful. Fans can also vary in size. For example, in private homes and businesses, such equipment can be installed at 50 mm, 160, 300, 355, 400 mm.
Producers
Supplied onthe domestic market today is equipment for duct ventilation systems from a variety of companies, both Russian and foreign. But the most popular domestic manufacturers of such networks are still:
- "AlProm TD" (Chelyabinsk).
- Civil Defense (Yekaterinburg).
- Trade House Soyuz (Moscow).
- NZMI (Nizhny Novgorod).
Reviews
Of course, the owners of country houses consider such systems to be very convenient in operation. The interiors of the premises in the building, such networks, judging by the reviews, in most cases do not spoil at all. Only decorative grilles remain visible after installation. At the same time, ventilation networks of this type maintain a comfortable air exchange in the premises.
The only drawback of networks of this type, the owners of cottages consider the rather high cost of their installation. Such networks are bypassed, since in this case it is necessary not only to purchase additional air ducts, but also to dismantle / mount the cladding of the building envelope, which is actually expensive.
