Our country occupies a vast territory. In a significant part of it, the heating season lasts half a year, and sometimes longer. This feature makes us take the issue of providing heat to a variety of buildings very seriously. There is also a constant increase in the cost of fuel used in boilers to heat the coolant. It is intended, in turn, for the heating system, the types of which today are different.
General information
For any person, a comfortable temperature in the room where he lives is necessary. Usually it is in the range from 18 to 22 degrees. Heating systems directly allow you to solve this issue. They heat the air surrounding a person, which transfers heat to all objects, as well as walls. The load-bearing structures of the building give it to the outside. As a result of such a continuous process, it is necessary to constantly add heat indoors.
In modern buildings, heating systems, which come in many varieties, mainly consist of the following parts:
- Boiler or anyanother heat generator. They can run on different types of fuel.
- Pipelines designed to deliver heat to the consumer. In this case, various coolants are used, which can be water and antifreeze.
- Heating appliances. They are radiators or convectors with different devices.
- Additional equipment and supplies.
Main types of water flow patterns
Currently, natural and forced schemes are used at various sites for the installation of a heating system. The types differ among themselves in the way the coolant circulates. So, with a natural scheme, it moves through pipelines due to the difference in the density of hot and cold water. The heated coolant has less weight than the cold one. Hot water that has passed through the boiler is, as it were, squeezed out by an already cooled liquid. During the installation of such a scheme, it is necessary to observe the required slopes for pipelines with an increased diameter, because this helps to reduce hydraulic resistance.
There is always a circulation pump in the forced system. This is its main difference. Its use allows you to create heating in houses using pipes that have a smaller diameter. The pump increases the efficiency of heat transfer, but at the same time it does not contribute to raising the coolant to any height. Due to it, the hydraulic resistance formed in the pipelines is overcome.
Single-pipe heating scheme
In suchsystems, there is only one pipeline. It connects boilers for heating and radiators in rooms, which are placed in series with respect to it. At the same time, such a pipeline is supply and return. The coolant, passing through each radiator in series, gives off part of the heat, while its temperature on the last device will be significantly lower than the original one. To reduce this feature, systems use a bypass tube (bypass). It allows part of the coolant not to enter the radiator. If the building was designed by illiterate specialists, then the inhabitants on the first floors feel a lack of heat. At the same time, people in the upper levels of the house are exposed to elevated temperatures. When installing single-pipe systems, material is significantly saved. This is their main advantage.
Two-pipe heating scheme
The main characteristic of such a system is the presence of a supply and return pipeline. If a two-pipe heating scheme is created at the facility, then heating radiators, the prices of which today depend mainly on the material of manufacture, are connected in parallel. The coolant is heated in the boiler and supplied to each device through the supply pipeline, so that it returns to the heat generator, another pipe is used. During the application of such a heating scheme, all connected radiators are evenly heated, but more material is required to create the system.
Heating manifold circuit
In such a system, a separate supply and return pipeline is supplied to each radiator. In front of the boiler, they are grouped with the help of collectors. Due to this, it is possible to lay entire pipes in which there will be no connections. Such a scheme is relevant during hidden wiring of engineering communications. Thanks to the creation of such a heating system, the types of which differ in the way radiators are connected, its appearance is more attractive. It is also possible to control heating devices from one control cabinet. With this design scheme, a large pipe flow rate is required, and there is also no way to create a system that will have natural water circulation. In addition, it must be equipped with additional devices to improve safety.
Popular types of private house heating system
Owners of suburban real estate are given the opportunity to create an autonomous scheme to supply heat to their building. Due to it, a comfortable temperature for each room separately will be maintained in the house. A person does not have to wait until the official heating season begins or ends, as individual heating boilers are installed in private buildings. Their choice depends primarily on the area of \u200b\u200bthe house and the type of fuel. Its particular type may not be available everywhere. Today, the most common types of heating systems, depending on the fuel used, are:
- Gas.
- Electrical.
- Diesel.
- Solid fuel.
Calculation of the required boiler power
Today there are various heat generators on the market. In some situations, wall-mounted heating boilers are perfect, in other cases, installation of floor units will be required. To choose the right heat generator for installation in a private house, you need to know its power. Typically, such information becomes available after accurate calculations are made by specialists, but it is generally accepted that heating an area of 10 squares requires 1 kilowatt of boiler energy. To this value should be added about 25%, which will be required for hot water supply. The final figure is obtained after adding another 20% required for the power reserve of the heat generator. The material for the manufacture of boilers can be cast iron or steel. They differ from each other in price and weight. The most affordable for cottages and other private houses are wall-mounted heating boilers that run on both electricity and gas.
Autonomous gas heating
Certainly, this type of heating is by far the most reliable and convenient option. In addition, gas is an economical energy resource, and such a factor is very important for the majority of the country's population. Its advantage over other types of fuel is that it is environmentally friendly and always of high quality. Gas heating has a high efficiency, especially when used in country houses. Equipment for such systems is able to function for a long time without failures, as well as itseasy to operate. Gas can be used not only in summer, but also in winter. Therefore, this type of fuel is very convenient for people.
Gas can be delivered to boilers by pipelines and in cylinders. In the latter version, special vehicles are used that have good cross-country ability and are maneuverable. Currently, there are no problems with its delivery. Liquefied hydrocarbons are stored in gas tanks. To reduce the pressure to the working one, a reducer is used in such systems. Natural gas, which requires the construction of special pipelines, is currently not available to all residents of the country.
Electricity as a fuel for the boiler
If there is no gas supply in a particular area or even on a particular street, then in this situation, many owners of private houses have to decide whether to install solid fuel heat generators or electric boilers for heating. Sometimes installing the first option can be troublesome and expensive, while in the second case the cost will be low. In addition, such boilers do not have an open flame source. Also, they do not require installation of a chimney, since there are no combustion products. Thanks to this, less money is spent on installation, and labor costs are also reduced. Heat generators of this type during operation are almost silent and very easy to control. Many modern units have an efficiency of up to 98%. In the heat exchanger they have the main working element, which is the heating element. Also electric boilersfor heating are equipped with modern power controllers and temperature sensors. Such elements greatly simplify their operation.
One of the modern ways of space heating
During the installation of a warm floor, the pipes are located in a concrete screed, but they can also be placed in the wall under the top layer of finishing material. In such a situation, wall heating is obtained, which is a separate type of space heating. In this option, about 85% of the heat energy is transferred by radiation, which ensures comfort for people, since the air temperature will be lower. There is also no movement of dust. Pipelines of this type of heating are located in loops, in which a significant temperature difference is possible at the inlet and outlet. This value reaches 15 degrees. As a result, better heat transfer is ensured. In such a system, a circulation pump with a lower capacity can be used. Pipes in the wall are laid with almost any step. This becomes acceptable due to the lack of limiting conditions for the perception of comfort from the heating surface. Most often, heating in the walls is arranged together with a warm floor or when the latter is not enough to compensate for all losses in the room.
Modern indoor radiators
Batteries for any heating system are an integral part of it. Not so long ago, cast-iron radiators were used in almost all buildings. Today, everything has changed, the range of devices has expanded significantly. Most manufacturers produce batteries that are adapted to the climate where they will be used. Currently, aluminum, copper, cast iron, steel, bimetallic heating radiators are produced, the prices of which are formed depending on the material used for their manufacture, as well as on the standard size. In order to choose the right battery for any room, you need to know the area for heat supply. Especially popular now are aluminum radiators. They have very good heat dissipation and affordable cost for most consumers. In addition, batteries of this type are excellent at resisting corrosive processes.
Arteries of heating systems
Currently, there is a wide range of pipelines. They are made from a variety of materials. Previously, steel or cast iron pipes were used in all heating systems. Currently, polypropylene products are popular. Such material has low thermal conductivity, resistance to various chemicals, environmental safety, good flexibility, ease during installation work. Thanks to such qualities, the created polypropylene heating will last a long time at any objects. It won't need to be repaired soon.
Installation
In many ways, the cost of heating is affected by the complexity of installing systems. Regardless of this, installation should only be carried out by professionals, because it is primarily related to the safety of people. Electrical, gas or diesel equipment must always be installed correctly. If this requirement is not met, irreversible consequences may occur during operation. Even during the installation of conventional radiators, such processes should be approached responsibly, especially when work is carried out in multi-storey buildings. In the event of a coolant leak, it is often necessary to pay damages to the injured party, which is located on the floor below.
