Building a house is a serious decision and an invaluable experience in the life of any person. Before starting work, it is worth considering everything to the smallest detail: what material to use for building walls; what shape of the roof to choose; how to insulate.
It also happens that after the stage of "forcing" the walls, work stops at the installation of the roof truss system. The whole reason is that not everyone knows, and does not want to delve into the intricacies of building a roof. When the developer starts talking about buying incomprehensible "beam supports", and all the material is available, the customer begins to think that they are trying to deceive him.
Missing element
When installing a wooden structure, specialists use supports for beams from a metal profile. This element is necessary to securely fasten the wooden rafters, taking into account the shrinkage of the material in the future.
Beam supports are open, closed, one-sided and column supports for horizontal fixation.
Such fasteners are produced in factories, which greatly simplifies their use, since holes forscrews, nails and anchors of different diameters. This is due to the fact that beams can be attached to different surfaces: wood, metal, concrete. Accordingly, the size of screws, nails, etc. will also have a different diameter.
Hot-dip galvanized for greater corrosion resistance. Aluminum and lead are added to the zinc alloy, which greatly improves the physical data and service life of the metal.
Indoor and outdoor
Beam mounts are divided into internal and external. They differ in the shape and size of the side walls - the so-called "ears" or "petals". It is for this part that they are distinguished.
The “ears” of the outer supports are turned in such a way that during installation, parts of the fastening are visible to the naked eye, and the fastening itself wraps around the end of the beam. Such fastenings are often seen on buildings with extensions, where the wooden roof frame usually protrudes.
One of the varieties of outdoor supports are one-sided mounts. They are divided into right-handed and left-handed. They are used for vertical mounting of beams to walls of various materials.
The internal supports of the beams have "petals" bent inwards. In appearance, they are similar to a half-cut metal box with holes. Such fastening is fixed before the installation of the beam, and the diameter of the beam must correspond to the width of the support.
Most often they are used to fasten load-bearing beams, which increases the safety of the system. They are attached tobeam on the inside and outside, increasing the resistance to heavy loads.
Internal mounts have several varieties. One of them is an "invisible" system, fixed with a "hook" mounted inside the beam and fixed with special bolts. Such an interesting option is great for rooms with open ceilings.
Movable and immovable
Specialists are obliged to take into account all possible factors affecting wooden floors when installing a roofing system. The main factors affecting the service life of materials are temperature changes, as well as air humidity.
To avoid any surprises when installing the frame, installers use moving beam supports to attach the beam to the supporting rafter. Such fasteners look like a metal oblong plate with a loop in the form of a hook in the middle. The edges of the plate have many holes of different diameters for nails, screws or anchors.
The moving structure allows the tree to move during shrinkage without affecting the entire system: bumps, cracks or pits do not appear on the roof in case of possible curvature.
How to determine the reactions of the beam supports?
Cunning science - mechanics - studies the movement of material bodies and their interaction. Such calculations involve values that affect the load capacity, the strength of the timber.
With their help, you can calculate how much weight the load-bearing floor can withstand and how many fasteners you need to use to fix the beam.
In the new architecture, the most optimal is the use of beams on two supports. This design is easiest to calculate, taking into account the characteristics of the material, as well as calculating the unsafe section.
Steel, concrete or wood beams are used in construction. A beam on two supports most often "appears" in the construction of bridges and frames of high-rise buildings. It can be both I-beams and channels, hollow pipes and "corners".
