Construction of any private house is not complete without engineering communications. In particular, we are talking about the sewer system. When installing it, one should not forget about the device of the fan riser. Next, consider what it is and why this device is needed. The article will also provide brief instructions for installing the riser, recommendations from experts, regulatory requirements, as well as an alternative option and the most common errors in operation.
Destination
Fan riser in a private house - part of the pipe extending from the central sewer riser. It goes outside the building and removes unpleasant odors from the house. The absence of this element leads to a violation of the water seal. As a result, an unpleasant smell appears in the room. Cleaning the drains in such cases will not help get rid of it.
Each plumbing fixture has an outlet pipe with an elbow. There is water in the bend, which acts as a water seal. It prevents the penetration of unpleasant odors into the room. When the drain is discharged, a vacuum occurs. Air from the street enters through the fan riser, which ensures the normalization of pressure. Duethis smells do not penetrate into the room.
Do you always need a fan riser? You can do without this device in small buildings with one bathroom. If the house has 2 toilets or 2 bathrooms, a fan riser is required.
Important factors
Fan riser is equipped if:
- The building is two-story, and each floor has a bathroom.
- Sewage outlet diameter 50 mm.
- There is a swimming pool or other facility on the adjacent territory that requires regular discharge of water in a large volume.
- The house has a sealed sewage system with a septic tank.
Develop installation plan
In order to properly install a sewer pipe, the following factors must be taken into account at the design stage:
- The pipe should go in the direction in which the evaporation due to air flows.
- Pipe outlet is performed to the ventilation duct. If this is not possible, installation is carried out through the wall.
Elements
Ventilation sewer riser includes:
- Pipes.
- Ventilation ducts.
- Fittings.
- Connectors.
Installation principles
How to install a fan riser for a house? It should be said right away that installation planning must be carried out simultaneously with the design of internal sewage. To increase the effectiveness of the riser, a large number of corners and bends should be avoided.
The ideal position for a sewer pipe is strictly vertical. It is displayed through the interfloor ceilings to the attic and then to the roof. But in practice, unfortunately, it is not always possible to implement such a project.
Usually in private houses additional connecting elements are used. For example, an auxiliary pipe can be connected to the main fan riser, a separate pipe can be removed at the same distance from the sewer risers, etc.
A key task at the design stage of the system is the correct calculation of the pipe diameter for the outlet. It cannot be larger than the size of the sewer pipe (110 mm). Ideally, the diameter should correspond to the size of both the central riser and the pipe connecting the inner and outer parts of the system.
When designing, special attention should be paid to the location of the riser. It should not be located near the climatic equipment, as well as the removal of combustion products from the heating boiler.
Recommendations
Installation of a fan riser is not particularly difficult. However, some nuances should be considered.
For central sewage, it is advisable to use a 110 mm pipe. The same diameter should be for the ventilation riser. Usually plastic pipes are used. If the system consists of elements made of different materials (for example, a plastic riser and a cast-iron sewer), rubber adapters should be used.
45 or 135 angles are used to connect several risersdeg. Horizontal sections should be laid with a slight slope (0.02%) towards the outlet of the drain. If you need to change the angle, use a special bend with a rotation of 135 degrees.
Replacing fixture
The need to replace a fan riser or a separate part of it may be due to various reasons. For example, some owners during a major overhaul update all engineering systems in the house.
Replacing the riser is carried out on the same principle as repairing the sewer. In this case, a number of conditions must be met:
- During the work in the room, ventilation (ventilation) should be arranged.
- Replacement of elements is carried out in a respirator and gloves (rubber).
- After completion of work, it is necessary to check the tightness of the connections.
If necessary, the sewer can be cleaned simultaneously with the replacement of the riser.
Regulations
There are several indicators to consider when installing a fan riser:
- When bringing a part of the pipe to the roof, the distance to the roof must be at least 30 cm.
- If the house has an attic (attic), the length of the riser is at least 3 m.
- A distance of 4 m should be maintained between the pipe and the loggia or window opening.
- Fan riser must be installed in a heated room. If this is difficult, the pipe must be insulated.
- The riser cannot be taken out through the chimney.
- Protective elements against ingress of birds, insects andprecipitation.
Common mistakes
Despite the relative ease of installation of the fan system, there are a number of rules, the violation of which can lead to negative consequences.
For example, some owners of private houses cut the pipe in the attic. As a result, unpleasant odors begin to fill it (or the attic), and subsequently penetrate into the house. Accordingly, the design of the system loses all meaning.
Another mistake is installing the pipe along the outer wall. In this case, condensation is likely to form.
Some home owners install an additional device - a roof aerator. It provides improved traction. Meanwhile, the installation of this element is not always advisable. As a rule, the outflow of sewer evaporation slows down. As a result, again, unpleasant odors begin to penetrate the premises.
Alternative
It is the vacuum valve of the fan pipe. It is mounted at the end of the riser directly in the house.
The valve is a small device made in the form of an end cap. Under a certain pressure, it lets air into the sewer, but does not release it back. At first glance, this seems to be a fairly effective solution to the problem. However, there are several important nuances.
The diameter of the air inlets is actually several times smaller than the size of the riser. Immediately there are doubts about the effectiveness of the device. As practice shows,in an apartment building with a fairly high load on the sewer system, one such device is not enough - at least several are needed. Accordingly, it is necessary to allocate enough space to install at least 4-5 valves.
Another problem lies in the design of the device. The valve will be effective if the gasket inside it is located strictly horizontally. Even with a slight misalignment, the valve will jam in some position (closed or open). Either way, it will backfire.
Valve principle
Inside the device is a special spring with little resistance. Tightness is provided by a rubber sealing gasket. The working principle of the vacuum valve is as follows:
- Sewer drains pass through the riser and provide a vacuum in the system.
- Valve shutter opens.
- Air is sucked in from the siphon and passes into the sewer network. Due to this, the vacuum is extinguished.
- After the pressure has stabilized, the spring mechanism begins to operate. Due to it, the shutter is blocked, and air does not enter the room.
What should I pay attention to?
It should be said that the installation of a vacuum valve cannot be called a full-fledged alternative to a fan riser. The fact is that the device clogs up quite quickly. When the siphon dries out, the efficiency of eliminating gases is significantly reduced.
If installeda check valve on the riser is not possible, it can be mounted on another horizontal part of the pipe suitable for the riser.
SNiP
The problem of unpleasant odors in the room arises not only in the absence of a fan riser. Of great importance is the quality of sanitary equipment. When choosing it, it is necessary to check the presence of a hydraulic seal. Modern equipment in most cases is equipped with this device. However, there are models without it.
In addition, a special regulatory document SNiP is in force in the Russian Federation. It lists the factors in the presence of which the installation of fan risers is mandatory.
Consequences of missing or improper installation
In simple terms, a fan riser is ventilation. Its key task is to ensure the flow of air into the sewer system. This, in turn, ensures that the drain is able to quickly cope with the movement of volume and eliminate unpleasant odors.
In apartment buildings, it is impossible to do without a fan riser. Housing and communal services employees are very negative about any work affecting this part of the sewer system, even if the owner of the living space wants to install a vacuum valve instead of a pipe. Above, we have already considered the disadvantages of such a device. Do not insist on your own and remake the system. Otherwise, serious problems will arise. They will ruin the lives of all the neighbors whose apartments are located along this riser. The bad smell will spread very quickly.
Situations are especially dangerous when a plug is placed on the fan riser. In this case, the unpleasant smell will definitely go to the apartments, since he has nowhere else to go. It will penetrate into the premises through pipes and parts of pipes suitable for plumbing equipment, sinks.
Often the situation is aggravated by the fact that flushing the toilet causes a large volume of water to be discharged into the system. She, acting like a piston, draws air behind her. As a result, the pressure is broken. To stabilize it, suction of water locks from the siphons of sinks, bathtubs, sinks in the kitchen begins. In the absence of water in the knees, unpleasant odors freely enter the premises.
Another problem is sewer clogging. Frequent pollution is the result of the lack of a full-fledged air flow. The system will cease to cope with its functions, and the owner of the premises will have to clean the sewer very often.
Tip
The owner of a private house, of course, does not experience the restrictions that burden tenants of apartment buildings. He can choose whether to install a fan pipe or not, whether to use vacuum valves instead. However, not all owners of private houses have the necessary skills and have the right tools at their disposal.
To prevent possible problems, it is advisable to entrust the installation of the riser, and preferably the entire sewer system, to professionals. Specialists will develop a project taking into account the wishes of the customer and the features of the structure. In addition, they choosethe most suitable materials for mounting the system.
Installation, of course, you can do yourself. In this case, it is advisable to first consult with friends who have already installed the system. If plastic elements are used, then one person can handle the installation. The weight of pipes, even long ones, is quite small. To install cast-iron elements, you will have to use someone's help. In this case, the installation can be carried out by two people.
Conclusion
The sewerage system is considered one of the main engineering networks in the house. Its efficient functioning ensures comfortable living regardless of the season.
It should be said that the installation of a sewer system can be carried out using not only plastic, but also cast iron pipes. They are used, as a rule, in areas with harsh climatic conditions. In regions with a milder climate, it is more expedient to use plastic pipes. If necessary, they can be insulated with any suitable material. A wide range of different heaters is presented in construction stores. Mineral wool is considered the most common material for pipe protection. When using insulation, it is important to provide protection from getting wet.
When installing a fan riser, it is important to comply with the standards established by SNiP. The pipe next to the window will not look very aesthetically pleasing. In addition, the further it is located from the opening, the less likely it is for odors to enter the room.
After installing the riser, it is necessary to periodically check its condition. As practice shows, plastic pipes serve for a long time, but there is always a possibility of clogging. The check can be done fairly quickly. The whole system is collapsible, you can easily separate the elements.
