Installation is a complex installation, assembly of buildings and structures, engineering networks or their individual components. The reliability and durability of the created structures depend on it by 50%. Therefore, when performing work, specialists realize that it is necessary to perform high-quality installation. Mounting methods usually differ depending on the objects that are to be assembled at the moment. As a matter of fact, in each area in which installation work is carried out, there are several varieties of assembly. For example, the methods of installation of building structures, depending on the purpose, are of four types and obey certain principles.
Building structures. Mounting Methods
For building structures, a properly executed installation plays an important role in durability. Installation methods in this case are divided into several - it all depends on the type and purpose of the object. All of them require different techniques for performing work and different specialists. Ways of installation of building structures are:
1) Element by element. In one stroke of the lifting mechanism, only one component of the object is lifted and installed. This installation of walls is used most often in civil engineering.
2) Large block. In one stroke of the lifting mechanism, several wall elements are lifted and further installation is carried out. Installation methods in large blocks are most often used in the construction of buildings and structures for industrial use.
3) Separate. Installation is carried out according to the principle of uniformity of structures - first one type, then another, etc.
4) Comprehensive. Cells in this case constitute the basic unit on which the installation is carried out. Mounting methods according to this principle imply that first one cell is completely installed, then the next.
5) Longitudinal and transverse. Works are carried out in the direction along the structure or across, depending on the project and the functional purpose of the object.
Building walls in the construction of buildings and structures
The most widely and often performed installation of walls in the construction of construction objects by way of extension. The upper structures are installed on the already fixed lower ones. All elements are consistently built up over the entire area of the building. In this case, separate or mixed mounting methods are used.
The way to grow is to install the walls from top to bottom. To the uppermost floor or structural element are sequentially attachedlower. First, all the floors of the building are equipped, and then the walls are completed.
Sliding, turning and vertical lifting methods are based on the initial assembly of a large assembly on the ground and then its further movement to a permanent location.
Engineering networks. Cabling
Methods for installing the cable when laying it are selected depending on many factors. These are such as location, power, number of wires, environmental pollution, groundwater, power sources, consumption sources.
If we talk about a cable that will be laid outside the building or under buildings or structures for various purposes, then the laying methods can be as follows: trench, channel, tunnel, block gallery and overpass. In practice, cable installation methods are mixed.
If the wiring is done in an industrial or residential building, then the method also depends on what materials the walls, ceilings and floors are made of. The main methods are laying the cable in strobes, in a corrugated sleeve or behind partition panels.
Trenchless laying of engineering networks
Most utilities are laid underground in various ways. However, at the preparatory stage, trenching is almost always performed. This is a laborious and slow process. Thanks to new developments in science and technology, a new trenchless installation has appeared. Installation methods using this methodallow the use of a minimum number of workers and reduce the time for arranging engineering networks. This is the so-called horizontal drilling method. Such work requires a special drilling rig and an operator who monitors and corrects the direction of its work.
Installation of metal structures
Very often during construction work, such as the erection of buildings or the laying of utilities, metal structures are used. In most cases, they are guides for further work on assembling the elements of the object. Therefore, the methods of mounting metal structures should be selected taking into account the characteristics and purpose of the assembled product. The following options are available:
1) welded;
2) anchor;
3) concreting;
4) bolted;
5) combined.
Which one will be used for a particular object is being developed at the design stage.
The concept of installation technology
Not a single object under construction can be made qualitatively without design and compliance. The installation technology and its observance contribute not only to long-term operation later, but also guarantee the absence of work to correct the marriage. The technology looks like this:
- Creating a project.
- Preparing for installation. Includes verification of compliance with the project, product quality, applied mounting marks.
- Enlargement of knots. This type of work is carried out, if any.project. The product is partially assembled for the next step.
- Arrangement of scaffolding and scaffolding for the installation team.
- Slinging and delivery of the structure to the work site.
- Temporary installation, verification of compliance with project conditions, slinging structures.
- Bringing the structure to the project location.
- Final fixing of the object in the provided place.
Instructions for installation work
Whatever product or design requires installation work, there is an installation manual. For each object, its own provisions and methods are developed, which combine the provisions of GOST and modern developments of equipment and tools for performing work. Instructions contain:
- Introduction. General description of the object to be installed.
- General installation instructions. The general methodology for performing work is described, without taking into account the features of the object.
- How should the preparatory work be done.
- Instruction for installation and docking. Instructions on the features of the work and connection with other elements.
- Setting up and final docking.
- Adjustment and check.
- Delivery of the mounted object or product.
Safety during installation work
When performing any installation work, it must be observed without failsafety equipment. The admission of persons under 18 years of age to their implementation is prohibited. Workers must be given safety training. Proper storage of materials and components, fences and signs in hazardous areas should be provided at the site. All workers performing installation at height must be provided with helmets and safety belts.
Before lifting the object to the installation site, the reliability of all fasteners is checked. It is forbidden to move the object above the workers who are currently performing the installation. The structure can only be brought to the installation site from the outside of the building. After the structure is delivered, it is first temporarily fixed and then released from the lifting mechanisms.
When erecting and installing structures for various purposes, it is necessary to observe the installation technology. With a properly selected method (at the design stage) and compliance with the installation rules, the object will have high performance.
