Stairs to the second floor can be a real decoration of the room. At the same time, you can make the structure yourself or purchase it in a form ready for assembly. You can choose the option that is most suitable for the existing interior, harmoniously fitting into the free space of the room. What are the stairs to the second floor and their features - all this information will be presented below.
General requirements for stairs
Stairs to the second floor (a photo of one of the successful planning examples is presented below) can have a very different appearance. You can build a solid, solid structure that will look massive, while taking up enough space in space. There are stairs that look airy and light.
Regardless of design, all structures that are allowed to operate are durable and reliable. If not properly planned, this willhazardous object. Falling down stairs can end badly. Therefore, when designing and assembling stairs, they adhere to established building codes and regulations.
It is unacceptable that the structure be assembled from fragile materials. It is also not permissible for her to stagger. The fixation of each element must be made firmly, reliably. When choosing a ready-made or developing your own design, it is important to take into account the features of the operation of the interior object. You need to pay attention to what age people will move along it, how many residents will be in the house.
When choosing the type of construction, the dimensions of the stairs to the second floor, be sure to correlate this object with the total area and arrangement of objects in the room. This depends on its configuration. For each type of interior there is an optimal option. Also, the staircase should harmoniously fit into the existing design of the room. Therefore, increased requirements are put forward for the choice of the type and design of the structure.
Wood
For the manufacture of stairs in a private house, different materials are used. They must be strong, reliable and durable. At the same time, the design should look aesthetically pleasing. Most often create wooden, concrete and metal stairs to the second floor. The choice depends on the features of the interior, the skills of the master, as well as the taste preferences of the owners of the house. They also use different combinations of materials when creating a similar design.
The most popular option is to build stairs out of wood. This stuff is easyin processing. Even a novice master will cope with such work. At the same time, the wooden staircase will be practical, beautiful. Wood is a natural material. It creates a cozy atmosphere in the room.
Wooden stairs for the second floor suit different interior styles. However, such an object will look best when decorating country style, Provence, ethno. In a house made of timber, logs are another option to build inappropriate.
Metal and concrete
Stairs to the second floor made of metal are most often sold as a ready-to-assemble structure. It consists of many parts that are interconnected by welding or bolts. Forged varieties look especially impressive. Such stairs will decorate almost any interior. Most often, such interior objects are used when decorating a room in a classic style, as well as modern, high-tech, minimalism.
Concrete stairs look solid and practical. However, most often this option is combined with other materials. Railings and balusters can be made of metal or wood. Pouring a concrete staircase to the second floor will require certain knowledge and skills from the master.
March type design
Most often, wooden stairs to the second floor are made in the form of marching flights. This is the simplest design option, which is used quite often when creating an interior. The marching staircase is an inclined plane with steps. If it is large enough, small spans can be used in the structure, which have a horizontalposition.
The mid-flight ladder is a solid and durable construction. It is comfortable to use. With proper design, it will be comfortable for both children and adults or the elderly to move along such a staircase.
Surfing structures need sufficient free space in the room. Therefore, they are not installed in small rooms. In such a room, the design looks out of place. A marching ladder can be cumbersome. With the right design, you can optimize its slope and dimensions.
Calculation must be done based on existing building requirements. Such a structure can be located between two walls, adjacent to one wall, or located at a distance from them. Under the stairs, you can make a small room for storing household items, a pantry.
Design on the bolts
Stairs to the second floor in a private house, which adjoins one or two walls, can be mounted using bolts. This design looks light, as if hanging in the air. However, this impression is deceptive. Fixing steps occurs with the help of special bolts. They cut into the thickness of the wall and the side surfaces of the steps. This is one of the most reliable options for fixing a structure.
The bolts are threaded at the ends. This allows them to be firmly fixed in the material. This design does not need lower supports for the steps. However, to create such a structure, it is necessary that nearbywas a solid wall. It should not be made of drywall. Otherwise, the material will need to be further strengthened.
The ladder on the bolts looks stylish. It can have different configurations and dimensions. Even in a small room, such a staircase looks harmonious. Such structures are made of metal or wood. In most cases, these materials are combined. The tread (upper part of the steps) can be made of wood. At the same time, forged railings or straight metal supports will harmoniously fit into the overall ensemble. Almost always, such structures are delivered in the form of a ready-to-assemble constructor. This allows you to quickly and easily put all the elements together.
Screw structures
In dachas and country houses, spiral staircases to the second floor are very popular. They are made from different materials. Most often, metal is used for these purposes. The step in this case can be made of wood. This design has a support in the center. This is a strong rod on which steps are attached. They spiral upwards.
The screw design takes up the minimum amount of space in the room. This is a versatile option that is suitable for both overall and small spaces. At the same time, you can place the structure anywhere in the room. This opens up many new possibilities for interior design. The style of such a staircase can be different. There are both modern and vintage designs.
Disadvantages of this designare also available. The dimensions of the staircase in the house to the second floor, which has a spiral configuration, are minimal. And yes, the stairs are pretty steep. Therefore, it will not be possible to bring oversized furniture up such a staircase to the second floor. During operation, this is one of the most inconvenient types of construction. Moving along it will be difficult for the elderly or children.
There are quite creative designs of spiral staircases. They, for example, may have a slide next to such a structure. If there are children or teenagers in the house, this decision will delight them. Yes, and adults do not mind a ride on such a descent. Most often, such designs are made to order.
Any staircase, regardless of its appearance, must have a railing. For a spiral staircase, this is very important. In this case, the step of the balusters (supports under the railing) should be minimal. If there are children in the house, the distance between such structural elements should not exceed 15 cm.
Calculation of screw structure
Staircase in the house to the second floor of the screw type requires the correct calculation. Often, such structures are delivered in a form ready for installation. However, if you wish, you can make and assemble all the elements together with your own hands. This is a difficult task. The safety of people who will move up the stairs depends on the correct execution of all actions.
A plan is created first. It indicates the place in the room where the owners of the house want to make a staircase. Next, it is determined which opening in the floor is permissible in a particularcase. It is applied to the plan with the exact dimensions. Next, the geometric center of the opening is determined. The projection of this point is performed on the ceiling of the second and the floor of the first floor. Here the rod will be installed, to which the steps will be fixed.
Next draw steps. They will have a narrow part closer to the center and a wide edge on the outside. In the center, the step should have a width of 25 cm. This figure increases towards the outer edge. It should be at least 43 cm. Balusters will be installed on each step. Their step should be 10-20 cm. In this case, the railing will have a twisted shape.
Materials must be very strong. Structural loosening is unacceptable.
Calculation of the main structure
Special calculation of stairs to the second floor is required for the main structure. Compliance with all rules and requirements of standards guarantees safety during operation. By the same analogy, the calculation and designs on the bolts are performed.
The slope of the stairs may vary. It is 30-55º. The steeper the design, the less materials are required to create it. However, it is easier to move up the steps if the slope of the plane is 30-45º. This is especially important if there are children or elderly people in the house.
Steps in mid-flight stairs have a width of about 25 cm. At the same time, they are guided by the maximum size of a person's feet. The number of steps must be odd. This makes it easier to move up the stairs. In this case, the dimensions of each step must be identical. If their height or widthwill not be the same, a person may stumble and fall. The number of steps in one span should not exceed 13 pieces. If the march is longer, you need to make horizontal flights.
The railings are located at a height of about 85 cm. There must be balusters under them. For this purpose, both vertical and horizontal crossbars can be used. You can also make partitions out of plexiglass or other suitable sheet material.
The standard width of the march span is 1 m. If there are many people in the house, this figure can be increased to 1.5 m.
Design
The stairs in the house to the second floor can be designed independently. To do this, you need to properly develop a design plan. It is easier to assemble a marching ladder. It can be mounted on stringers or bowstrings. In the first case, the steps are fixed on a support that passes under them. A bowstring is called a side support. This is the end to which the steps are fixed.
To create a project, you need to take measurements of the room. First you need to determine the distance from the floor to the ceiling in the room. Next, you need to determine the slope of the span. At the same time, it is taken into account that the level of inclination must fit into the established standards. This indicator is largely determined by the dimensions of the room. If there is free space, you can make the stairs more gentle.
In some cases, the free space in the room does not allow you to create the correct angle of inclination. In this case, you will need to create a more complex design. It will have several spans connected by platforms. It is unacceptable to build stairs that are too steep indoors.
In the plan, a right-angled triangle will be drawn on paper, which forms a staircase. After that, steps must be created on the inclined surface of the hypotenuse of this figure. The height of each riser (lower step support) should be 10-15 cm. The height from floor to ceiling should be divided by this value. Get the number of steps. Further on the plan indicate their width.
You need to pay attention to every detail. These include railings, balusters, stringers or bowstrings. You can modify the standard project by installing storage lockers under the steps.
Expert Tips
The stairs to the second floor must be very strong. The materials used for its construction must not have defects. The structure must withstand a load of at least 320 kg/m².
Non-slip materials are chosen for the manufacture of steps. Steps can be covered with carpet with special thresholds. It can also be used for finishing tiles, laminate, natural wood. Lots of finishing options. Steps should have a ribbed or textured surface.
The railing must be perfectly smooth. It should be comfortable to put your hand on them, to run your hand over the surface.
After considering the features, varieties of stairs to the second floor, you can choose the best option for your home.
