The hatch has a different purpose, it is mounted in different places. The most common is sewer, there are also storm water and others. Its main purpose is to protect the internal contents from debris, people and animals. It is also a barrier against the spread of odors.
The hatch in the well must always be present. The main task is to correctly approach the choice and choose the right option. Difficulties in this should not arise, because there are many varieties on sale, depending on the purpose of the well. Do not forget about complete safety and reliability.
What materials are used to make the lid?
Not only the cost of the cover, but also the duration of operation and reliability will depend on the chosen material. There are the most common and well-known:
- Cast iron is one of the most reliable and commonly used materials, its service life is up to 100 years. Relevant in those places where the load on the well is large - roads, highways. Mounting a hatch for a well made of such material on your site is not rational and not cost-effective.
- Plastic –this is another material that is increasingly in demand. Because the cost is several times less than the first model. In addition, different shapes and colors are on sale. They are light in weight, which means that a person can mount without additional help. In addition, such an element is easy to open. This model is most suitable for a private house.
- Concrete - found, but not often. Because the level of tightness is not the highest, but the weight is significant. But they can be found on non-standard wells with a large inlet.
What's hot?
Sump manholes are most often made of cast iron.
Plastic is suitable for a septic tank in a private country house. Concrete should not be used for personal purposes. Having decided on the material, it is worth understanding the forms.
Which shape fits?
Not so long ago, only round hatches were in demand, as they are considered universal. They are suitable for septic tanks and other pits that have a hole above the ground of a certain shape. During operation, they show themselves on the positive side. But today there are other models that are actively purchased and used.
Rectangular models are a little less common. Another type is square hatches for wells. It is necessary to initially make just such a neck. They look quite acceptable, while the well itself does not lose its purpose. These are all conditional divisions, experts believe that it is important to rely on where it will be operated, since reliabilitydepends on many factors.
Which two main hatches are the most common?
Water supply and sewerage - one of the most popular. To avoid confusion, manufacturers use special markings. In addition, there is GOST, on the basis of which they are created. Letter separation is simple:
- sewer - a large letter K on top of the lid;
- tap – B;
- rain-inlet - D.
Based on this, it is easier to purchase a suitable model that will cope with the task. Another important indicator is size. The round design is determined by the diameter. It can be internal and external. The protruding part of the well is measured by diameter.
Sizes depending on indicators
Hatches are distinguished by the following data:
- Lightweight and small in size - the load class of almost all A15. Weight a little over 10 kilograms. Since it is not ready for a serious load, it is placed in parks and private houses. The service life is more than 40 years. Dimensions - 540x540x80 mm.
- Plastic. The weight is the same as the first one. For this reason, it cannot be placed on the roads, and therefore only in parks or private buildings. The service life is lower, the dimensions in mm are 750x750x80.
- Polymer with locking device. Its weight is more than 40 kg. Despite the weight, its range of application is not expanded and is identical to the first two. For twenty years, the hatch will serve its intended purpose, and its dimensions will be 780x780x110mm.
- Plastic - weight category within 40 kilograms, but the load is 3000 kg. Often found in manholes. Operation for 20 years, dimensions - 750x630x115 mm.
- Plastic road - load class B125, weight over 49 kg. It is quite suitable for the roadway, parking lots. Enough for 50 years with dimensions of 780x782x110 mm.
In addition, there is a conditional division of sizes depending on the weight. Based on body and lid size:
- Less than one ton - 720x60 and 600x25 mm respectively.
- Less than two tons - this includes light and square hatches.
- If the figure is less than 5 tons, then they are considered both light and moderate. The dimensions are 750x90 or 100 mm, but the lid is slightly smaller (690x55 or 50 mm).
- And the last kind is the heavy ones. They can withstand up to 25 tons. They are used quite rarely and are not often found on sale.
Each size is fixed in GOST 3634-99, so manufacturers adhere to these data. The weight of the well hatch depends on the purpose. Do not use too heavy for a private house, otherwise it will be difficult to cope with it. As practice shows, it is always easy to find a cover of a non-standard size, they can be made to order.
As for the rectangular shape, its dimensional values cannot be fictitious, there is also a line about them in GOST. One side in the minimum can be 300 mm, after which itbegins to increase by 50 mm. Experts believe that before creating any well, it is worth making a decision on the size of the neck and the lid itself. This is necessary so that after installation work no modifications are required.
Another model that is constantly in demand is hatches with a locking device. They are found in park areas. It is difficult to find on the roads, although the load level and service life do not change. Depending on the material of manufacture, the cost of the hatch varies. The price can start from 400 rubles and rise to several thousand, so it’s not worth it for a private house to purchase an overly expensive structure with an increased level of load.
How to install?
Everyone can do installation work, but on condition that the cover is light in weight. The shell ring is placed first, the cover of the underground well serves as a support. This allows you to reduce the load on the well itself. Some make brick or concrete masonry, but its service life is not very long.
In order for the hatch to lock correctly, a level is used, the same is required to distribute the load. In the presence of a slope, the hatch sags and further breaks. How is the whole structure fixed? Depending on the material chosen, a sand-concrete solution is used. It is applied around the entire perimeter, then a ring is placed and left to dry completely.
Recommendations
To prevent freezing, it is worth using special lubricants. Manhole made according to GOSTcast iron (3634-99) is already sold with this composition, so it just needs to be laid. It is better to stick to standard sizes so that if you need to replace this design, there will be no problems.
Conclusion
So, we found out what types and sizes hatches are. A variety of elements are in demand, although many have begun to give preference to lightweight structures. Different color schemes allow you to disguise a drain pit or septic tank even among the lawn. The lids are so secure that even water cannot get inside. In addition, they have a long service life.
