The original purpose of windows in buildings and structures of any type is to transmit light for natural light. But windows also provide ventilation of the premises, perform a number of other functions. Let's try to figure out how the sizes of window openings in construction are regulated. Is it possible to set arbitrary window sizes when constructing, for example, a country house?
How is the area of window openings calculated?
In the construction of various types of buildings, building codes and regulations are applied that regulate the size of window openings and windows, depending on many factors. The decisive among them is KEO - the coefficient of natural light. But many other factors are also taken into account: the dimensions and purpose of the building, geographical location, lighting characteristics and the number of glasses in a double-glazed window, etc.opening in relation to the area of the room (in percent), which is determined by the formula given in the document. The SNiP defines the normalized values of KEO in the premises of typical public and residential buildings, geographically located in the band from 45 ° to 60 ° north latitude. This value takes into account that glass cleaning in windows is mandatory twice a year for buildings in areas with low dust and pollution, and 4 times for rooms in areas with noticeable emissions of dust and combustion products. If the building is located south of 45° north latitude, a coefficient of 0.75 should be applied to the KEO value, and if the building is located north of 60° north latitude - 1.2.
The calculation formulas have their own coefficients for the cases of using several glasses in double-glazed windows, with different distances between the glasses, as well as with different glass designs in the windows (frosted, curly, etc.). If it is difficult to set different coefficients, then there is a simplified formula for residential premises: the area of window glazing must be at least 8 times less than the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. This formula gives approximate, but quite close to the calculated results.
Standard sizes
But there are standard sizes of window openings specified by state standards for residential and public buildings. These dimensions are chosen optimal for mass construction. They take into account many factors, including the external aesthetic appearance of the building as an architectural structure.
GOSTs take into account not only the size of window and door openings, but also the design features of their execution. In addition, the dimensions of openings, canvases and the design of balcony doors have been standardized. There are GOST 24699-81, GOST 24700-81 and GOST 11214-86, which impose restrictions on the choice of wooden windows and balcony doors for public and residential buildings in the design with double-glazed windows and glass, with double-glazed windows and double glazing, respectively.
List of standard sizes
In particular, there are standardized sizes of windows and balcony doors of residential buildings in height (860, 1460 and 2175 mm) and width (570, 720, 870, 1170, 1320, 1470, 1770 or 2070 mm). For public buildings, a different size range is standardized for windows and doors of balconies (height - 1160, 1760 or 2060, 2375 or 2575 mm, width - 870, 1170, 1320, 1470 mm). The size range of openings for these structures is also defined: in residential buildings (height 910, 1520 and 2210, width 610, 780, 910, 1210, 1380, 1510, 1810, 2110 mm) and public (height 1210, 1810, 2110, 2410 and 2810, width 910, 1210, 1380, 1510, 1810, 2110, 2410 and 2710 mm).
Standard sizes of window openings (GOST 23166-99), window blocks and balcony doors are presented in an expanded size range: height values are added - 580 and 1320 mm, widths - 2370 and 2670 mm without specification, in residential or public buildings they will be installed.
In panel houses, a standard two-leaf window should have dimensions (height and width) of 1300x1400 mm, andof three wings - height 1400 mm, and width of leaves 2070 or 2050 mm.
Window sizes are also standardized for five-story houses of the Khrushchev period. For a window of two wings with a narrow window sill, the size of 1300x1350 mm is used, of three wings - 2040x1350 mm, and for a wide window sill - 1450x1500 and 2040x1500 mm.
How to calculate window openings?
Thus, in order to choose the number and size of window openings for a country house under construction, you can perform the following sequence of actions:
- by the area of \u200b\u200bthe room we calculate the area of \u200b\u200bglazing windows (divided by 8);
- we determine the height of the windows from the standard size range (we take into account the architectural appearance of the house, its harmonious aesthetic appearance);
- by dividing the glazing area by the height of the window glass, we get the total width of the glazing;
- we calculate the number of windows for those that suit you values of the width of the standard row by dividing the total width of the glazing by the selected width of the glass of the window block (we round the resulting value up if we get a fractional number);- choose the width that best suits our preferences.
The result is not worse than the requirements of SNiP, as the result was rounded up.
Example
Let's take a room with an area of 40 sq.m - the glazing area should be at least 5 sq.m. With a window height of 1460 mm (glass height - 1210 mm), the total length of the glazing will be 4132mm, which is equivalent to 4 windows with a width of 1320 mm (glass width 1170 mm) or three windows with a width of 1770 mm (glass width 1520 mm).
When determining the size of window openings, add 15 mm to the size of window blocks on each side for landing on mounting foam and add 50 mm in height for the same purpose, plus for installing a window sill.
Concluding remarks
It must be borne in mind that when building an individual country house there are no such strict restrictions as in mass construction. Modern firms (there are a great many of them on the market), producing and installing double-glazed windows, are able to produce window blocks of any size. But if you implement the recommended sizes of window openings (SNiP P-A862), then the conditions for natural lighting of the premises will be met, and the choice of sizes according to GOST allows you to save costs compared to ordering individual window blocks.
Therefore, in any case, it is useful to know and use the illumination calculations according to the method of building requirements, as well as the provisions of the current GOST standards for standardizing window and door structures in order to choose the right size of window openings, for example, for building a country house.
