No construction is complete without the use of special equipment. This includes the drilling and crane machine. The hallmark of this technique is its versatility. Scope of application - and drilling, and high- altitude, and crane. Therefore, the efficiency of this machine is undeniable. There are two main types of such devices. These are swivel and non-swivel. Consider both options in detail.
Fixed drilling machine
This product has the following equipment:
- Transport base. It could be a truck or a tractor.
- Platform. Specialized frame for accommodating equipment mounted on a transport base.
- Drilling rig. Equipped with a hydraulic mechanism for the operation of the drill.
- Crane device. There are options where a drill and a crane are combined on the same mast.
- Outriggers equipped with hydraulic jacks.
- Referencerack.
- Electrical equipment.
- Manual transmission.
- Hydraulic system.
A more complex mechanism is the second version of the device. It should be considered for comparison.
Slewing crane drilling machine
This device has a lot of mechanisms:
- Transport base. Typically, a truck is used.
- The turntable is mounted on the chassis of the transport base and has a roller-turn mechanism.
- Pump station.
- Mast support.
- Outrigger hydraulic supports.
It should be noted that such a drilling machine has two bases: a transport and a turntable.
The second base includes the following type of accessories:
- Drill-crane mechanism.
- Hunting winch.
- Hydraulic device for raising and lowering the mast.
- Mechanics for turning the platform.
- The cabin in which the operator of the drilling machine will control the work.
- Well center indicator.
Swivel special equipment differs from the first option in increased productivity. This is achieved due to the fact that several wells are drilled from one position. There is also the ability to quickly aim the drill.
Equipment classifications
As we have established earlier, self-propelled drilling machines canbe swivel and non-swivel. In addition, there are a number of classifications:
- By type of transport base: machine and tractor. The first is characterized by a high speed of movement of the installation, the second is all-terrain.
- According to the principle of operation: cyclic and continuous drilling.
- According to the type of drive of the drilling and crane mechanism: mechanical, hydraulic, mixed.
- According to the type of execution of the mechanism for drilling and crane operations: combined (on one mast), separate (separate mast and boom).
- Location method: for fixed - side and rear, for rotary - on a turntable.
There are a significant number of types of classifications.
The main technical requirements for such devices should be considered.
Key Features
The drilling machine has a number of main technical characteristics. Based on them, equipment is selected for a particular activity:
- Drilling depth. For fixed machines, this value is from two to three meters. For rotary - from 10 m to 15 m.
- Drilling angle. As a rule, it is in the range from 620 to 1050.
- Diameter of wells. For non-rotating, the standard value lies in the range from 360 mm to 600 mm. For rotary - up to 630 mm.
- Capacity - ranging from 1.25 to 3 tons.
- Maximum lifting length up to 12 meters.
Depending on the terms of reference, the most suitable drillingcar.
The transport base is important for the choice. In conditions with relief soil, the tractor-based option is more often chosen. For urban conditions - based on a car.
The principle of operation of the drilling and crane device
Typically, this rig consists of the following parts: mast, rotary mechanism, rod for interchangeable drilling tools, hydraulics for feeding and retrieving the drill, hydraulic cylinders for raising to vertical position and lowering to horizontal.
During transportation, the drilling and crane mechanism is in a horizontal position with emphasis on a special support stand mounted on the vehicle chassis. During operation, the mechanism remains stable due to external hydraulic supports.
The rotation of the drill occurs due to the transformation through the supply of translational-rotational energy from the engine of the transport base to the rotary mechanism of the drill.
The process of drilling wells occurs simultaneously with the rotational and descending movement of the drill. As a rule, the process consists of several identical production cycles of lowering and raising the mechanism.
This is due to the need to unload the soil.
The crane mechanism is driven by a winch. For work at height, there is also a cradle for lifting personnel.
Types of drills and working methods
There are several types of replacement parts:
- Bladed. They are devices withtwo two-way blades equipped with interchangeable cutters. The kit also includes a chimney and dampers. The burner sets the direction of drilling and keeps it relative to the axis of the process. The function of the shutters is to prevent the soil from waking up when the drill is pulled out of the well.
- Auger. A spiral soil feed tape is fixed to the frame. To the end of it is attached a drill head with cutters and chisels. When drilling wells, the soil is fed in a spiral.
- Ring. In this device, the body is made in the form of a pipe, along the length of which helical blades are located. Cams with cutters and deflecting bars are fixed on the lower part. The drilling process occurs due to the destruction of the soil and the formation of a radius gap. Further, the soil is thrown through the deflecting bars to the outer slot of the wall and is fed upward by the blades.
Drilling nozzles are selected and installed depending on the soil and the required work technology.
The main advantages of the device
Crane drilling machine (BKM) has become widespread due to its undeniable advantages:
- Mobility. She moves quickly around the construction site. If a rotary model is purchased, it is also the possibility of drilling several wells from one stopping place due to the rotary platform.
- Three types of equipment on one platform. A drill, a crane for lifting a load and, if equipped with a cradle, the ability to perform work at height. Reduced installation and installation time for a single piece of equipment.
- Economy - by reducingthe cost of purchasing three separate pieces of special equipment. To this is added cost savings by minimizing the number of service personnel. The driver controls the machine and works. Yes, such personnel must be trained and licensed.
As you can see, for many areas of application, these advantages will be decisive in the acquisition of such types of special equipment. Moreover, the equipment can be installed on both domestic trucks and imported ones.
Application areas
Most often this special equipment is used in the construction industry.
It can be used to build bridges, fences, wells. Often used for foundation construction.
Besides civil engineering, the mobile crane drilling machine is very popular in the construction of individual housing. Why? Again, thanks to the versatility of the equipment, and, accordingly, savings. Renting such special equipment will cost less than hiring two or three types of machines separately.
Also, this type of special equipment is popular in the arrangement of transmission lines and power supply. Due to its versatility and mobility, such equipment increases the speed of installing pole supports several times.
Another direction is the improvement and greening of the city. These are painting works at a height, planting shrubs and trees, as well as their cutting. For landscaping, these types of devices have also found application in forestries. Only there are used models with transportbase in the form of a tractor. It is less mobile, but all-terrain.
Reviews
The drilling machine for wells, according to reviews, occupies a leading position in comparison with similar types of equipment. As numerous consumers say, the use of such special equipment increases the speed of erecting a pile-drilling foundation by several times. Also, this version of the technique has proven itself well in the arrangement of fences, where wells and the installation of poles are indispensable.
A number of reviews indicate significant cost savings due to the fact that it is possible to perform two types of work: drilling and installing poles.
Professional organizations also note the convenience, cost-effectiveness and demand for this type of equipment.
So, we found out what a drilling machine (BKM) is. As can be seen from the description and reviews, such items will always be in demand. Those organizations that know how to count their funds, of course, will give preference to this type of special equipment.
