If you have to work with a wet area where you plan to build a house, then it becomes necessary to pre-drain the area. At the same time, it is important to think over the course of earthworks and select the necessary equipment, having familiarized yourself with the technology that provides for the installation of a drainage pipe.
If there is water accumulated in the ground, then certain difficulties may arise that impede work. To eliminate problems, you will first have to pump out the liquid using a hand pump. Soil water should not be left unattended, because without drainage, the topsoil will be destroyed.
Features of ring drainage
The ring-type drainage system is a closed circuit that provides a decrease in water level due to drainage. The appearance of the drain will be a branched network in the form of tree roots. The cost of installing such a system will be increased due to the need to use consumables in large quantities. Notthe pipes themselves play the last role in increasing the budget.
Reservoir drainage is suitable for an area that is only slightly flooded with water. This technology is also relevant for the case when there is little water. In this case, the work will be carried out by creating two layers, one gravel and the second sand. Together, the materials will form a layer that is highly permeable to water. It is important to dig a trench with a slope of 3 cm per 1 m.
Preparation of materials
Before proceeding with the installation of the drainage pipe, you must select the materials. Among them it is worth highlighting:
- rubble;
- sand;
- trays;
- shovel;
- geotextile.
Coarse crushed stone is suitable for work, however, material with medium-sized grains can also be used. It will exclude the penetration of dirt and large soil particles. If necessary, crushed stone can be replaced with gravel, its particles can have a diameter of 20 to 40 mm. Sand must be obtained from the river bank. It should be large and will be used when installing the trays. Even with sharp fluctuations in temperature, the sand will retain its shape, which is why it becomes an integral part of the drainage system.
Trays can be plastic or concrete. With their help, you can prevent shedding of soil into the trench. The top of the system must be covered with plastic grate plates, which are necessary to filter debris.
Main components of the system
Installation of a drainage pipe involves the use of finely perforated geotextiles. It will not allow contamination of drains with soil. Geotextiles can be represented by dornite or interlining. The main advantages of these materials are excellent filtering ability and high strength.
To work, you will also need drainage pipes, which can be designed for sewerage. You can also use polymer products. In the first case, it will be necessary to drill holes in the walls for the passage of water. Suitable for installation and asbestos-cement pipes, the diameter of which varies from 50 to 80 mm.
Pipes can be connected with couplings. There should be enough of them, so the number should be determined in advance. If a ring system will be arranged, then tees-fittings and crosses should be prepared.
In order to clean the drainage system during operation, it will be necessary to install manholes. A collection well is provided to collect water from the system. In those areas where it is rather problematic to place pipes so that water flows under the force of gravity, a drainage pump is installed. Installation of the drainage pipe involves the preparation of a pickaxe, a wheelbarrow for transporting sand and gravel, as well as shovels and bayonet shovels.
Linear System Installation Instructions
This type of drainage will collect and transport water through ditches to a collector. When building ditches, you must provide them with the bestfilling with rain water. To do this, both sides must be inclined, the angle will be 30 °. When installing drainage in an open system, the ditches should be sloped towards the point where all the water collects.
Although the work is simple, the service life of such a system will be short-lived, because the walls will be destroyed. In order to avoid such problems, when laying pipes, it is necessary to first dig a trench and fill it with rubble. It should have large and small fractions. From above, the trench will be covered with turf. You can mount the trays in the next step.
Trench work
Installation of drainage pipes for the removal of groundwater is carried out in a trench. Sand is poured into it with a layer of 15 cm. A layer of fine gravel is laid on top, on which a drainage pipe is laid, covered with a layer of coarse gravel. Next comes a layer of geotextile, which should have an overlap between the canvases. The next layer will be coarse sand.
The trench should be half filled with these layers, while the other half should be filled with potting mix to which clay is added. The surface is covered with black soil. It is important to take into account the level of groundwater occurrence, because the depth of pipe laying will depend on this parameter. When installing a drainage pipe with geotextiles with your own hands, you will need to connect the elements using fittings in the form of tees. They are placed in a two-layer non-woven material to prevent the penetration of sand. The ends of the pipes should also be wrappedgeotextile and reinforce with wire.
Description of plastic drainage
Installation of the drainage pipe, the description of which will be presented below, you can do yourself. If we are talking about plastic products, then they will be distinguished by increased strength, therefore they allow laying to a depth of up to 10 m. Polymer pipes are ready to last at least 50 years. It is easy to connect them yourself.
It is very easy to transport such drains, as well as to mount, load and unload, because they are light in weight. For cutting plastic pipes, there is no need to use a special tool. Coconut fiber material should be used to prevent clogging of the system with soil particles.
Laying drainage pipes may involve the use of products of different diameters. The most common parameters are 150 and 300 mm. The former are used for systems that divert a small amount of water. As for the larger diameter, it is used in the case of a drainage device operating with an increased load. A more impressive section is suitable for main lines, while a smaller one is suitable for branches.
Before you install a drainage pipe with geotextiles, you should choose products that can be one- or two-layer. The second option is more durable and suitable for installation in heavy soils. On sale you can find rigid and flexible drains, the latter of which are designed for mounting simple systems.
Which pipe to choose -corrugated or smooth, with or without sheath
If the network will have a huge number of turns and branches, it is better to prefer flexible pipes. Corrugated and smooth are also offered in a large assortment, the former are more durable. Pipes may be sheathed. The choice of a particular type will depend on the quality of the soil. If the soil is crushed stone, then pipes without a sheath can be used, but pipes wrapped with geotextile are better suited for sandy soil. If there is clay on the site, then pipes with a coir filter will be an excellent choice.
How to avoid mistakes
If you want to install the drainage pipe correctly, it is important to try to avoid mistakes. For example, pipes without a filter are not suitable for loamy soils. Be sure to withstand their bias. To install a prefabricated well, you need to choose a place. During operation, water must be removed from it in a timely manner.
In closing
Drainage systems are an integral element of the territory where a house is built on soil with excess moisture. When constructing such a system, it is important to correctly develop a scheme and perform pipe laying, taking into account the technology. If errors are made during installation, this will cause the water to not be completely drained from the foundation, and the efficiency of the system will be reduced.
Drains are also needed in the area where the relief has been changed. If the area has artificial hills or the area has been leveled, then a system for removing excess water is a must. It is also arranged if a building with a basement floor is being built on the territory.
