After completion of the drilling of the well, you can begin to equip it. A rather important stage is the piping of the well. Such work is carried out using one of the existing technologies, which differ in functionality, reliability and cost.
Main features of strapping
If you want to leave the upper output of the well on the street, then it will be possible to use it only in summer. If you connect a water pipe to the head in the warm season, then you can use the source until the first cold weather. If it is necessary to supply water to the house all year round, the pipeline should be made permanent. To do this, it is laid below the freezing line. This indicates that the entrance to the well should be located at a depth of 2 m.
Protecting the water source is necessary not only from freezing, but also from debris. Among other things, equipmentit is necessary to periodically service and clean the well. Therefore, the system must be freely accessible.
Technology description
Well piping is a whole range of works that involve:
- laying and starting the plumbing system;
- equipment installation;
- ensure uninterrupted water supply;
- protecting the water source from dirt and freezing.
If we are talking about a standard strapping scheme, then first you need to make an adapter, caisson or pit. The piping system in the next step must be designed and laid. The craftsmen will have to pick up the pump and filters, mount the accumulator and take care of installing and starting the pump. The success of the well operation will depend on how thoughtful and high-quality the project will be.
Recommendations on adapter, caisson and pit
If you will be piping the well on your own, then, according to consumers, it is important to think about what technology will be used to equip the place of launching. It could be:
- pit;
- caisson;
- adapter.
An alternative solution is the construction of a ground facility. However, this option is justified only if the well is located in a warm climate zone. When the temperature drops, the room will require heating, which is unprofitable.
Well pipingIt will be very easy to implement if you make a pit. An additional benefit can be obtained if there is access to used building materials. One limitation is the level of groundwater, which must be low enough, otherwise, as home craftsmen emphasize, the pit will be flooded. It can be made from concrete rings, bricks or concrete formwork.
Step-by-step description of tying with a pit
If you decide to use a pit as a strapping technology, then first you need to decide on the method of its manufacture. At the next stage, a pit is prepared, the depth of which can reach 2 m, otherwise it will be extremely inconvenient to work inside. Crushed stone is poured to the bottom, after which you can proceed to the manufacture of walls. If necessary, they can be waterproofed, and then sprinkled with expanded clay or gravel around the perimeter.
If do-it-yourself piping of a well is carried out according to the technology of building a pit, then it should be remembered that it has an impressive minus, expressed in low tightness. This prevents installation inside the equipment, another room must be prepared for this. The cover can be made of metal, an alternative solution is to use a concrete slab with a hatch. In each of these cases, thermal insulation will be required. You can place the main area of the cover below the top line of the ground. Outside there will be only a hatch.
Choice of equipment
The main equipment for well piping is a pump. Without it, water will not flow into the pipeline. When choosing it, one should take into account the characteristics of the well and determine the loads so that the device is able to cope with the tasks. Among the main selection parameters should be highlighted:
- performance;
- well debit;
- automation;
- hole diameter;
- pressure;
- purity of water.
As for productivity, it is determined taking into account the needs for water. It is important to know this figure as accurately as possible, because the cost depends on the power of the pump. Add 20% to the requirement. This is necessary because at times more water is required, among other things, the pump should not work to the limit.
When determining the debit of a well, you must take into account that the performance of the equipment is selected taking into account the amount of water that the well can provide. If water enters there very slowly, then there is no point in acquiring a powerful pump. It is desirable that it has automatic shutdown when the well runs out of water. When running dry, the device may burn out.
The water well piping scheme is presented in the article. Among other things, when choosing equipment, you must take into account the diameter of the well for normal operation of the pump. Its diameter should be at least 1 cm smaller than the casing. Pressure is one of the important characteristics. It indicates to what height the unit will be able to raisewater.
When calculating, it should be borne in mind that the length of the water supply must be added to the depth of the well. Pay attention also to the purity of the water. The pump must be designed for the content of fine sand fractions in the liquid. If this feature is not provided, the device will quickly fail.
Mouth piping and its scheme
The wellhead piping scheme is used when working on sources with reservoir pressure that does not exceed hydrostatic pressure. In this case, there is a possibility of oil and gas manifestations. When using a universal wellhead shelter, a shut-off assembly is used through pipes to prevent oil and gas shows. It has special requirements, among them it should be highlighted:
- ball valve must be in open position;
- the parameters of the remote branch pipe are determined so that the circular groove of the coupling is at the level of the shutter;
- closing of the valve is made only after the closing of the ram valves.
The above scheme is used in works that are aimed at maintenance and overhaul, as well as the development of wells with formation pressure that can exceed or equal hydrostatic pressure.
Oil well and features of its piping
The piping of an oil well is a part of the X-mas tree, which is located on the column piping. Designed for one or two downhole pipelines, control and flow controlenvironments in the annular space. The upper end of the downhole pipeline is fixed in the coil, which is located on the pipe head.
The release of X-mas trees is carried out at a working pressure ranging from 14 to 140 MPa. In this case, the cross section of the trunk can be equal to a figure from 50 to 150 mm. The fountain tree can have a design in the form of tees or crosses. These parameters are determined by the rows of pipes that run into the well. Additionally, the system is equipped with taps or valves.
Gas wells and features of their piping
Gas well piping is required to connect to collection manifolds. Units and blocks are used to perform technological operations during field development. Piping is not only a set of works, but also a set of assembly units, which involves welded structures with mating flanges, tees and bends, as well as fittings and adapters.
The quality of the joints is increased by welding work, which does not destroy the seams and assumes a quality that could be obtained in the factory. The conditional passage can vary from 50 to 100 mm, while the working pressure is 14-35 MPa.
Conclusion
For well piping, a caisson can be used, which is the same pit, but manufactured in the factory. This is the preferred method in many cases. It can be made of different materials, such as metal or plastic. The caisson has undeniable advantages over other strapping methods. First, hecompletely sealed. Second, it's easier to install. Thirdly, the caisson can be of almost any size, so the parameters can be selected taking into account the equipment to be installed. If the groundwater level in the area exceeds 3 m, then a sealed caisson must be installed when piping the well.
