When erecting buildings and structures, builders, among other things, use various kinds of auxiliary structures that allow them to perform work quickly and efficiently. Forests are one such device. Structures of this type are mounted next to the objects under construction in order to ensure the possibility of working at height. Later in the article, we will look at what inventory forests are and what sizes they can have.
Two main varieties
Two types of scaffolding can be used in the construction of buildings and structures:
- inventory;
- non-inventory.
The last type of construction is relatively rarely used by builders. Such forests are made according to arbitrary drawings. It is possible to use them, according to the regulations, only if permission is obtained from the chief engineer. In addition, this type of scaffolding must not be installed to perform any work at a height of more than four meters.
In the manufacture of non-inventory (self-made) structures, of course, all necessary calculations for strength, allowable load, etc. must be made. deprived of liberty under article 143 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Homemade scaffolding is used by construction companies, thus very rarely and only in special cases. Much more often, during the construction of structures and buildings, inventory structures of this type are mounted.
Design and regulations
Inventory scaffolding is made according to standard designs. It is allowed to use designs of this variety only if they have all the necessary passport documentation. In the manufacture of typical scaffolding, a strength calculation is mandatory:
- each component of a separate element;
- of the whole structure.
When performing such procedures, responsible persons use the basic indicators provided for by the standards against which they compare the results of the audit. Significant deviations up or down are considered unacceptable.
What are
Such structures are assembled right at the work site and are structural spatial structures, the height and dimensions of which may vary depending on the type of work performed. The main elements of inventory forestsare:
- flooring;
- support legs;
- end guards;
- frames with stairs.
Also, the frame of such structures consists of horizontal and diagonal stiffeners. Inventory scaffolding, internal or external, can be used in the production of various kinds of construction work. But most often, during the construction of buildings, such structures are still assembled from the side of the street.
Types of structures
Most often, when erecting buildings and structures, inventory tubular scaffolding is used. Such auxiliary structures are distinguished by reliability, ease of use and ease of assembly. They are made, as you can already judge by their name, from metal pipes. There are four most popular varieties of such forests:
- frame;
- wedge;
- clamp;
- pin scaffolding.
Also can be used in construction:
-
Vishneva scaffolding - installed in a horizontal position and have a maximum load of 200-250 kg/m2;
- tower towers - structures consisting of one section, with a maximum load of 200 kg/m2;
- suspended - mounted on the facade of buildings and have a maximum load of 200 kg/m2;
- modular - with load up to 200 kg/m2.
Work on inventory scaffolding at height is associated,Of course, with some risk. Therefore, projects of such structures were once developed taking into account many different factors. Depending on the maximum allowable load, scaffolding of different types can be used for construction work itself or only for finishing.
Frame tube structures: dimensions
Three main typical brands of such scaffolding can be used in construction. Such devices are made from a profile pipe. At the same time, boards are used for flooring during their assembly.
The load capacity of such scaffolding is small - up to 200 kg/m2.
| Rate/Brand | LRSP-30 | LRSP-60 | LRSP-100 |
| Pipe wall thickness (mm) | 1, 5 | 2 | 3 |
| Pipe diameter (mm) | 42 | 42 | 48 |
| Length of deck section (m) | 2 | 2 or 3 | 2 or 3 |
| Section height (m) | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Aisle width (m) | 0, 976 | 0, 976 | 0, 976 |
Stud scaffolding: sizes
Auxiliary structures of this variety are used by builders alreadymany decades. It was these scaffolds that began to be used in the construction of structures and buildings the very first. Loads of this type of fixture are capable of withstanding significant loads - up to a ton per 1 m2.
In addition to facing works, external inventory scaffolding can also be used for brickwork. There are also three main brands of structures of this type.
| Characteristic/project | LSh-50 | LSPSh-2000 | E-507 |
| Pipe diameter (mm) | 48 | 48 | 57 |
| Section height (m) | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Section length (m) | 1, 5 | 2, 5 | 2 |
| Maximum height (m) | 50 | 40 | 60 |
| Aisle width (m) | 1 | 1, 6 | 1, 6 |
Clamp scaffolding parameters
Construction accessories of this variety are usually used when finishing the structures of buildings and structures of complex shape. Such forests are assembled using clamps. Such fasteners allow you to create structures of almost any shape. Too big loadsclamp scaffolding, like frame scaffolding, cannot be carried (up to 250 kg/m2).
There are two main brands of such designs.
| Parameter/brand | LX-30 | LH-80US |
| Poles diameter (mm) | 42 | 57 |
| Poles wall thickness (mm) | 2 | 3 |
| Height/section length (m) | 2/3 | 2/2 |
| Aisle width (m) | 1 | 1, 5 |
Wedge Scaffolding
Designs of this type are reliable and durable. They can carry loads up to 300 kg/m2. A feature of the forests of this variety is that their elements are fastened using wedges.
| Parameters/brand | LSK-60 | LSK-100 |
| Diameter (mm) | 48 | 48 |
| Height/section length (m) | 2/2 | 2/2 |
| Aisle width (m) | 1-3 | 1-3 |
| Maximum height (m) | 60 | 100 |
Rulesinstallation and dismantling of inventory scaffolding
The safety of specialists working at height depends on how strong and reliable such a design will be. When installing scaffolding, of course, it is imperative to comply with certain standards and technologies.
Before performing this procedure, the construction or finishing work site is protected with tape. Installation of inventory scaffolding can only be carried out on a leveled soil or asph alt base with a width of at least 3 m.
Actually, the scaffolding itself must be mounted in strict compliance with the instructions provided in the passport. In the process of assembling the frame, it is imperative to check the verticality and horizontality of its structural elements.
At the locations of the joints, inventory scaffolding should be attached to anchors embedded in the masonry walls and thick steel hooks. Shields for girders and crossbars when assembling such structures are laid without nails. However, at the same time, they must be fixed on the frame with special wooden planks or metal brackets attached to them from below.
Of course, deck boards should be as close to each other as possible. The gap between the wall and the shield must be closed.
It is allowed to start dismantling the scaffolding only after all work is completed on them. They begin to dismantle such structures from the upper tier. Down the scaffolding elements are lowered using blocks and ropes.
Control
When assembling construction inventory scaffolding, three types of quality control of work performance are performed:
- input - completeness check;
- current - monitoring compliance with installation technology;
- acceptance - check before operation.
Permission to use the scaffolding collected at the construction site is given by a commission, which includes the chief engineer, the head of the assembly work and the person responsible for safety. It is possible to start construction or finishing work on the scaffolding only after the execution of the act of their delivery / acceptance.
