From the article you will learn how to make a water pump with your own hands. Often a situation arises when it is necessary to solve the problem of pumping liquid with minimal means. Below we will talk about the most popular homemade products, which you can repeat without outside help. And let's start simple, moving on to more and more complex designs.
Pump for liquid transfer
This is the simplest, most primitive and cheapest design. It will not be difficult to repeat it. You will need the following materials:
- Plastic bottle - 2 pieces.
- One bottle cap.
- Piece of plastic pipe.
- Hose.
First make a petal type valve. To do this, remove the gasket from the cap, then cut it in a circle so that it is slightly smaller than the diameter of the neck. But you do not need to touch the sector of 15-20 degrees. It should be wide enough so that the gasket does not come off. Then, in the center of the cover, you need to drill a hole about 8 mm in diameter. After that, insert the gasket and screw the cap onto the neck, cut off in advance.
You should end up with a simple valve. Insert a plastic pipe into it. From the second bottle you need to cut off the top. You should end up with something like a funnel. It must be fixed on top of the pipe. At the other end of the pipe, you need to place a drain hose. That's all, you can start using the device.
The cone-shaped part helps to ensure fluid opening. Also, the valve will not be able to hit the bottom. To make the liquid rise through the pipe, you need to move your hands up and down sharply. After that, the water will begin to flow through the pipe itself.
Pumps with different drives
One of the simple and popular designs is a pump made from a pump with a handle. To make such a design, you will need an old casing from a deep-well pump or metal pipes of various diameters. You will also need a drive that allows you to make rotational movements.
There are vibration type pumps. These are often found on sale. They are inexpensive, but for self-production you need to have at least basic knowledge in electrical engineering. The bottom line is that a coil is wound on a core of metal plates, to which power is supplied - 220 V / 50 Hz. A metal plate connected to the membrane is attracted to the core. The oscillation frequency is the same as that of alternating current - 50 Hz. In other words, the membrane per second makes 50movements.
Hand pump and straight spout
Such a device can be considered simple, it will allow you to pump water from a well or barrel. The cost of construction is minimal, the structure is assembled very quickly. And now about what you can make a pump of this type:
- Plastic pipe with a diameter of 50 mm.
- Coupling for a pipe with a diameter of 50 mm.
- Pipe and branch PPR.
- PVC cap 50 mm in diameter.
- Rubber - thickness 4 mm, diameter 50 mm.
- Check valve - diameter 15 mm.
- Empty bottle (for example, from silicone) - the volume should be about 300 ml.
- Screw clamp for screed.
- Rivet.
- 15 mm flare nut.
Next, we will sequentially analyze the manufacture of all elements and the assembly of the structure.
How to make a check valve
For the manufacture of a check valve, you need a plug with a diameter of 50 mm. It will need to drill holes with a diameter of 5 mm around the entire perimeter. Make a hole in the center into which a bolt with a nut or rivet will subsequently be installed. From the inside of the workpiece, you need to install a rubber disk. Please note that it must cover all drilled holes. But he should not rub against the walls of the workpiece.
In the center, tighten the workpiece and the disk with a bolt and nut or rivet. If a factory check valve is available, you can use it.
Production of sleeve and piston
Since our task is to make the pump inat home, we will use only materials that are available. To make a sleeve, you will need to know the depth of the well. Next, you need to cut the plastic pipe to the required length. Then you need to insert a valve into the socket so that it does not fall off, fix it with self-tapping screws. At the second end, put a plug in which you pre-make a hole with a diameter of 25 mm. You will subsequently put a PPR pipe into it.
Now you can start making the piston. To do this, cut off the nose from an empty can. Then heat the balloon and insert it into a plastic sleeve. So that the diameter of the balloon is the same as that of the sleeve. After that, you need to put the balloon on the valve. The excess needs to be cut off. The final fastener must be made with a union nut.
As for the stem, it is necessary that it be 5-6 cm longer than the sleeve. Warm up one end of the stem and put it in the valve. Immediately you need to tighten the structure with a clamp. Then insert the stem into the sleeve, then you need to fix the plug through the coupling. And finally, at the end of the pipe, fix the outlet from the PPR. Now connect the hose and pump water.
Manual pump with side spout
The previous design has one drawback - the spout moves along with the stem. And this is not very convenient. Let's look at how to make a hand pump with a spout on the side. The design is a little more complicated than the previous one, but it is much more convenient to use it. For this, the sleeve is being upgraded. A PVC tee with a diameter of 50 mm and a branch forangle 35 degrees. This tee is installed at the top of the sleeve.
Next to the piston in the rod, you need to drill a few holes. Diameter - the larger the better. But without fanaticism, since the integrity of the entire structure can be violated. The piston during operation must move up and push the water into the exhaust pipe. The top cover acts as a support. In this design, water will pour out between the sleeve and the stem.
Piston pump for wells
And now we will discuss how to make a pump for pumping water out of a well. It should be noted right away that the design is suitable for wells with a depth of no more than 8 meters. The stem has a rigid connection with the handle, so there is no cover at the top. For crafting, you need to stock up on the following materials:
- Metal pipe - diameter 10 cm, length 1 m.
- Rubber.
- Two valves.
- You can even make a homemade piston.
An important parameter that affects performance is tightness.
Step by step
All the elements that are included in the design can be easily made by hand. How to make a pump of this type, now consider:
- At the first stage, make a sleeve. To make this element, you need to look at what surface is inside the pipe. The ideal option is an old sleeve from a truck or tractor engine. It is perfectly smooth on the inside, no sanding required. Besides,provides a high degree of tightness. A steel blank must be welded to the bottom of the sleeve. It should match in shape and size with the head of the well. A valve should be placed in the center at the bottom. For aesthetic purposes, you need to make a top cover, but you can do without it. For the stem to which the piston is attached, a slotted hole must be made in the cover.
- For the piston, you need to take two metal discs and a piece of rubber that you put between them. Please note that the rubber should be slightly larger in diameter than the wheels. Bolt these three items securely. Get a kind of "sandwich". You should get a rubber rim that will seal the distance between the sleeve and the piston. An eyelet must be welded to one of the disks to connect with the stem.
- The reed valve can also be made by yourself. You will need a thin rubber disc. Drill a hole in the center, through which fasten the rubber to the bottom. The water inlets should be tightly pressed with rubber.
- And now you can put everything together. It is recommended to cut a suitable thread on the head of the well and in the bottom of the pump. First, you will make the entire pumping station airtight. Secondly, it will allow you to quickly dismantle the structure. After that, you can put the cover on the top and fix the handle on the stem.
If the well is very deep, then it is better to use the following type of pump.
Piston type deep well pump
And now about how to make a water pump for pumping outdeep wells. The essence of the revision is that the pump sleeve is placed almost on the bottom of the well. Consequently, the rod can have a length of 10 or even 20 meters. Not a very easy construction is obtained.
Therefore, you can resort to one of the following methods:
- Make a stem out of a chain.
- Make the stem out of aluminum or even plastic.
If you decide to make a rod out of a chain, you will have to put a return spring in the sleeve so that the piston goes to the bottom position.
Washing machine is a good donor
Often the household has a few "extra" parts from old washing machines. Let's look at how to make a water pump out of an unnecessary washing machine. To do this, you will need to remove the pump from it, which is used to drain the water. The design that you get as a result can be used when pumping liquid from a depth of no more than two meters. You will also need to acquire the following materials:
- Petal valve - can be homemade, but it is better to borrow from a washer.
- Bottle cap and plug.
- Piece of hose.
- Transformer 220/220 V.
If you plan to use the valve from the washing machine, then it will have to be finalized. One hole will have to be plugged with a bottle cap.
Directly on the pump, all unnecessary holes are also closed. If the case is made of metal, be sure to make a reliable ground. reed valvetype must be connected to a hose and lowered into the water. Connect the other end to the pump. To start, you need to draw water into the pump and inlet hose. The drive can be from any suitable motor. The ideal option is an electric motor that is installed on the washer.
The old compressor will also come in handy
Let's say you have an air compressor. Or at least the one used in refrigerators. Let's look at how to make a pump from a compressor. To do this, you will need a tube for air supply (diameter 1-2 cm) and for water (diameter 2-3 cm).
The pump works on a very simple principle. In the spout, make a hole as close to the bottom as possible. Please note that the hole must be made twice as large as the thickness of the tube through which air is supplied. Now you need to insert the tube and turn on the compressor. The design has many advantages. And the most important thing is that it does not clog and can be assembled in just a few minutes. And the efficiency of such a design is about 70%.
Gear pumps
As a basis, you can (and should) take oil pumps that are installed on trucks or tractors. Power steering pumps from similar equipment are also suitable. Approximately these characteristics should be:
- Volume of the working chamber - 32 cu. see
- Maximum generated pressure - 2.1 bar.
- Rotation speed - 2400 rpm.
- Maximum rotation speed - 3600 rpm.
- Productivity - 72 liters per minute.
To rotate the gearsyou need to use the electric motor of the washing machine. However, you can spin the pump even with a motor from an electric drill. The advantage of electric motors from household appliances is that they already have a starting system, and most importantly, they work from a 220 V network.
When manufacturing a pump, you need to pay attention to which direction the arrow on the body is looking. If the electric motor does not develop normal speed, you will need to install a gearbox or pulleys with belts. The advantage of gear pumps is obvious - they create the right pressure even without filling with liquid before the first start. But you will need to let the pump idle for 20-30 minutes to prevent corrosion on the steel elements.
