Any building structure requires protection from the negative effects of moisture. In order to prevent water from rising from the foundation up the wall, horizontal waterproofing is carried out during the construction of structures. At the same time, the foundation is reliably protected.
Features of horizontal waterproofing
From the name it is clear that the base protection system involves the impact on the horizontal plane. If everything is done correctly, then the created barrier will not allow groundwater to rise up. Especially protection is required if the groundwater level is a meter or less from the base of the foundation.
In order to protect the base from moisture, the basement should be waterproofed, and this must be done during construction, as in the case of a functioning structure, this workwill be more difficult. The described work is carried out according to SNiP. Horizontal waterproofing of the foundation must comply with SNiP 31-02. According to these rules, membrane materials cannot be used for protection. The waterproofing layer must be continuous throughout the base.
If the groundwater level is high enough, then the laying of the protection should be carried out one meter from the base. Primary protection, which is also called anti-filtration, is performed at the stage of foundation reinforcement. It involves the addition of concrete compositions.
About secondary waterproofing
Secondary horizontal protection is laid on the base under the first link. This allows you to protect wooden walls from capillary moisture. Such work should be carried out after the maturation of the foundation, they must be carried out before laying the building material. Horizontal waterproofing of the foundation usually involves the use of roll protection like roofing material or any other bitumen-based material.
Feedback on horizontal foundation protection methods
The work described in the article can be performed using one of the existing technologies. For example, waterproofing sheeting is commonly used to protect wooden houses, but it can also be an ideal solution for insulating the base for any construction.
Consumers emphasize that for this you can use the usual roofing material, pasted onbituminous mastic. It is not advisable to use roofing material separately, because the mastic can improve the quality of the layer and increase strength. Pasting horizontal waterproofing of the foundation is the laying of material with an overlap in two layers. According to home masters, this allows you to get a more reliable coverage.
On the applied mastic, the thickness of which is 1 mm, sheets of roofing material are laid, all seams must be well sealed. Coating waterproofing involves the use of polymeric materials, sprayed substances by type:
- liquid rubber;
- bituminous mastic;
- rubber.
One of these options is applied on a horizontal plane and distributed over the surface. The layer will perform moisture-repellent functions and create a strong elastic and thin film. After polymerization, according to the masters, the material will be devoid of capillaries and pores where moisture could penetrate.
A horizontal foundation waterproofing device may involve the use of penetrating materials. The design, as home craftsmen emphasize, is treated with a special primer that can be sprayed. Molecules penetrate inside and fill the pores. As a result, it is possible to obtain an impenetrable, reliable coating that is fixed inside.
Technology of installation of roofing material
If you decide to use roofing material for horizontal protection of the base, then with its help it will be possible to create a one-piece single impenetrablecoating. At the first stage, the foundation walls are marked and demarcated. A screed can be made from cement mortar.
The hardened composition is covered with bituminous mastic. Roofing material sheets are covered with mastic and laid on the foundation so that the material covers the surface and its sides. Horizontal waterproofing of the foundation at the next stage involves leveling the canvases with wooden slats. The adhesive layer should be evenly distributed over the area, it is important to exclude voids.
Technology of pasted waterproofing
This technique involves the installation of a leveling screed. It is made from a cement-sand mortar, to which fillers are added to increase the water resistance of the structure. In this case, the main material is still rolled bitumen or polymer sheets of increased mechanical strength.
Horizontal waterproofing of the foundation at the first stage is accompanied by leveling the base with a screed, the solution for which is prepared with the addition of additives. They are necessary to increase the resistance of concrete to moisture penetration. After the screed has dried, the surface is covered with a bituminous or water-based primer, using a brush or roller.
The primer should be left until it dries for several hours, after which it is recommended to start applying polymer or bituminous mastic. Particular attention should be paid to structural elements according to the type of seams and corners where it can stagnatecondensate. Horizontal waterproofing of the foundation using this technology may involve the application of an adhesive layer in the form of mastic, it is not necessary to dry it.
Work methodology
Further, as in the above method, the roofing material is laid. When pasting waterproofing, the rolled material is laid on the dried mastic, and then ironed with a roller. Fused waterproofing is carried out using a propane torch. It will allow you to heat the roll and roll it out on the surface, pressing it to the base.
Roll waterproofing can be laid in 3 layers. It is important to ensure that the canvases of the upper layer do not intersect at the seams of the lower one. The width of the waterproofing should be such that it overlaps the contact of the walls with the foundation. If it is necessary to waterproof the base of the building with a basement, then the layer is laid under the sole of the foundation, it must be placed above the blind area and in the place where the basement ends. In buildings without basements, only the foundation can be waterproofed from the walls.
Penetrating waterproofing
This type of waterproofing is performed using cement mortars, to which modifiers are added. The latter are chemically active compounds. When in contact with concrete, they crystallize and form a waterproof hard surface layer that is resistant to erosion and chemicals.
So horizontalwaterproofing walls from the foundation is quite inexpensive, but very effective, but requires preparatory work. The base surface should be cleaned from a hard layer, remove dirt and dust, traces of paint and rust, as well as waterproofing residues. With the help of hydrochloric acid, the foundation is degreased. It is important to make sure that the surface is strong enough and has open pores.
If there are protruding reinforcement elements, they must be cleaned to a metallic sheen. Seams, cracks and joints need to be embroidered and cleaned. The solution is mixed with water, filler and modifiers, and then left to mature. The surface of the foundation is wetted with water, but you should not be zealous.
Technology recommendations
The application of cement mortar is carried out with a spatula, the composition is distributed and left to dry for several days. In this case, the surface cannot be loaded. Before carrying out the described work, it is imperative to select materials. Horizontal waterproofing of the foundation, for example, can also be performed using special solutions based on polymeric two-component additives. Such penetrating compounds have a low viscosity, therefore they penetrate into the concrete and fill the capillaries. In contact with the hardener, this waterproofing creates a waterproof layer. Sprayed penetrating waterproofing is usually combined with vertical.
Injection waterproofing
This method of waterproofing is based on the saturation of concrete through drilled holes. Penetration depthcan be equal to 0.5 m. When the material comes into contact with moisture in the foundation, the solution begins to swell and completely closes the pores, excluding capillary suction of moisture from the soil. If you will carry out the horizontal waterproofing of the foundation in this way, then the walls of the base must be cleaned of the remnants of the old waterproofing and pollution.
Holes should be placed at such a distance that a waterproof layer forms in the foundation. Drilling should be carried out to a depth that is somewhat greater than the width of the foundation. The holes should be at a slight angle. They contain nozzles that are necessary for supplying and distributing the solution. This will require low pressure pumps that mix the polymer gel with the hardener before being introduced into the thickness of the structure. After the composition has cured and swelled from moisture, a waterproof layer is formed.
Vertical base waterproofing
Vertical and horizontal foundation waterproofing are commonly used in combination. The first of the mentioned methods involves applying mastic to the cleaned and dried surface of the base. It is important to exclude the presence of dust and sand, as they will interfere with good contact.
Cleaning can be done with a vacuum cleaner, brush or car washer. Drying can be done in a natural way - under the sun or using technical devices, namely:
- incandescent bulbs;
- electric heater;
- heat guns.
After dryingconcrete is treated with a primer, which will ensure the bonding of fine dust particles and strengthen the surface. The primer prepares the foundation for processing with mastic. Its application should be carried out on a flat surface, so the cavities are preliminarily sealed, and the protrusions are knocked off.
Conclusion
Horizontal waterproofing of the foundation with roofing material is the most common, but today there are many other ways to protect the foundation of buildings and structures. Among others, pasting, coating and penetrating should be distinguished.
