Clean air in residential areas is the key to a he althy microclimate. Mechanical and antibacterial cleaning with the removal of fine dust is realized with the help of ventilation systems. Such equipment is different - the choice is made depending on the requirements for updating the air environment and operating conditions. Compact supply ventilation in the apartment stimulates the flow of fresh air flows. At the same time, auxiliary tasks can also be performed - from changing microclimatic indicators to high-precision filtration.
How does fresh air ventilation work?
Equipment infrastructure is organized to ensure the supply of new air. Air exchange is created, in which, at some stages, special preparation of fresh flows is carried out. What happens to the old air? To remove it, there are already exhaust channels,which are usually found in the bathroom and in the kitchen. It is important that the performance volumes of both channels match each other. You can install in the apartment and supply and exhaust ventilation, the design of which will allow you to perform a full cycle of updating the air environment in a particular room.
The simplest models of supply systems are represented by small valves that allow air to pass through. Similar structural solutions can be found in old houses - these are a kind of gaps that have neither protective grilles nor heating with another auxiliary option. In fact, this is natural ventilation, the disadvantages of which include cold bridges and the passage of street noise with pollution.
Modern supply valves are specially designed for the supply and cleaning preparation of street air flows. They are integrated into the walls, after which they are configured to work in a certain mode. Standard mechanical devices are manually adjustable - the user closes or opens the damper with a certain air flow tolerance. But multifunctional adjustable models are more common. How does forced ventilation work in an apartment with automatic control? Switching on and off is done via the remote control or even at the programming level via a connected smartphone.
Component parts of equipment
The supply systems include a simple hermetic piece of a cylindrical ventilation duct with an integrated cooler. In progressthe device will pump flows into the room, which will create the desired effect of air renewal. But again, in modern apartments, such solutions are less and less common. They are used only for the purpose of compact installation. It could be a miniature valve with a plastic body and an intake fan.
More developed models are a metal box with two or more channels - this is a supply and exhaust ventilation. In an apartment, it is desirable to use it in the kitchen or in the bathroom, but not in living quarters. Accordingly, two fans will be provided - inlet and outlet. To prevent street odors, smoke, moisture, small particles of dirt, etc. from entering the housing, the design is equipped with a damper.
What to consider when choosing equipment?
The balance of the air exchange system is very important both for sanitary reasons and from the point of view of creating optimal pressure in the room. To do this, it is important to correctly calculate the supply ventilation based on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room and the required throughput. According to experts, for example, for an inflow, it will be enough for a room with a volume of 50 m3 to be filled with at least 50 m3 of air in 1 hour. If we are talking about complex ventilation, taking into account the function of the hood, then for an apartment with an area of 70 m22 an installation operating with a capacity of about 150 m2 hour. If the area is larger, then the throughput should provide more than 300 m3/hour. The performance of the design will depend on the power of the engine for the cooler, as well as onfan diameter. For a small apartment, structures with a thickness of 75-150 mm are purchased.
Since we are talking about domestic premises, it would be useful to provide for the level of sound insulation of the device. For example, at a power of up to 100 m3/hour, the sound may exceed 40 dB. If the installation is provided with high-quality sound insulation, then even high-performance supply ventilation in an apartment of 350 m23/hour will work with a noise of no more than 20 dB.
Principles of heating for fresh air ventilation
The air supply system works most of the year with forced air, the temperature of which is lower than indoors. Obviously, this affects energy saving and requires more resources for space heating. The simplest and most rational way to solve this problem is to maintain the recuperation effect. We can say that this is supply ventilation in an apartment with heating, implemented through its own heat exchanger. During operation, such an installation accumulates part of the heat from the room air and transfers it to fresh cold streams. The partition between the exhaust and supply channels acts as a heat exchanger - as a rule, this is a metal structure in the form of pipes, plates or thin-walled membranes.
Of course, with the help of a low-cost and passive recuperation system, it will not be possible to fill the room with heat to the previous state of the air environment, since only part of the thermal energy is accumulated. Therefore, in cold regions, more often useair heater for supply ventilation, which communicates with the local water supply system. Heating in this case is provided not by air, but by hot water circulating in a tubular heat exchanger. This is the heater, which transfers heat from the liquid heated in the pipeline to the air again entering through the supply ventilation.
Inlet ventilation in the apartment with filtration
The supply of clean air is one of the key conditions for the operation of modern ventilation. Along with heating, the streams are filtered, which rids them of dirt, bacteria and allergens. One of the most common types of supply systems with filtration is a beezer. This is a compact ventilation capable of cleaning from foreign elements of medium and large fractions. In some models, an additional fine air preparation barrier is also provided. As a rule, this purification is implemented by HEPA class filters, which eliminate about 95% of the smallest particles. There are also multi-stage adsorption-catalytic barriers that eliminate gases and odors.
Alternative solutions include valves and ventilators with integrated purging membranes. This is supply ventilation in an apartment with filtration classes G and F. In such systems, surface cleaning is implemented by default, but if we are talking about multi-level products with several membranes, then the efficiency of air preparation can always be increased during maintenance.
Equipment Manufacturers
The initial level of installations are models costing from 1,000 to 2,000 rubles. For example, the Vents PS-100 valve is available for 1,000 rubles. The channel is formed by two gratings and an air duct with a telescopic resizing mechanism. That is, it is a universal system that can be integrated into the wall of any room. During operation, the device, thanks to the regulation system, allows you to adjust the balanced flow of air into the apartment. Supply ventilation "Domvent" also represents the budget segment and provides a performance of 13 m3/hour. The device costs only 1,500 rubles, but its manufacturing materials are characterized by increased insulating properties and effective noise reduction. The design can be placed directly above the battery or radiator in the room, which will ensure the heating of fresh air immediately upon admission.
The highest class air handling units with modern functionality are models of the Tion line. In particular, these are O2 Lite beads and MagicAir microclimate control complexes available on the market for 15,000 rubles. average. What is offered for this money? A wireless control system, humidity control, the ability to combine several devices into one controlled group and multi-level cleaning are just some of the functions that Tion forced ventilation can perform in an apartment. It is important to emphasize that the organization of the full-fledged operation of such complexes does not require the installation of pipelines - it is enough to create standard openings for valves andpower supply connections.
Installation work
First, it is important to correctly determine the installation location. From the floor, walls and ceiling, an indent of at least 50 mm should be made. These distances can be increased up to 100-500 mm if the air outlet or intake ducts are provided in the central unit directed to the indentation surface. If it is planned to use supply ventilation with humidification in the apartment, then objects and materials sensitive to moisture should not be located within a radius of 100 cm. The same applies to natural wood floors.
The main installation operations will be associated with making a hole in the wall for the introduction of a ventilation channel. Typically, diamond drilling technology is used with the use of a construction vacuum cleaner, which minimizes the amount of dust emitted. Moreover, the installation of supply ventilation in the apartment should be carried out so that the channel has a small angle of 3-5 ° with a downward direction. This is necessary so that precipitation does not clog the duct.
Next, it remains to mount the channel into the prepared hole, fix it with a sealant, construction foam and liquid nails. From the side of the room, the microclimatic unit is usually suspended on metal profiles fixed on anchor bolts or brackets.
Control Implementation
Traditional ways to control the operation of air handling units are based on mechanics. User sets parameters via blockmanual control. The latest models of such devices are based on intelligent modules that support remote control. In particular, a remote panel can be used on the inside of the room in the serviced area. It has a digital display showing current operating parameters and performance.
Through this panel, the user can control the system by wired, remote or remote communication means. For example, the supply ventilation in an apartment with Wi-Fi can be adjusted using a connected smartphone. Equipment manufacturers develop special applications for control via mobile devices with user-friendly interfaces. As for the specific control options, the basic sets of operations include setting the operating mode, timer, air flow rate, changing the damper position, heating temperature, etc.
Equipment maintenance
During intensive use, any ventilation ducts quickly become clogged, requiring timely maintenance. With regard to the technical part, the user must regularly check the tightness of the joints, the reliability of the installation of the fasteners and the rigidity of the channel. In the case of the control unit, the performance of the electronics should also be evaluated. As a rule, multifunctional systems have a self-diagnostic function, which facilitates these activities.
Next, you can start cleaning. First of all, they checkfiltration membranes. If complex supply ventilation with cooling is used in the apartment, then the cleaning devices will require frequent replacement - on average, every 2500-3500 hours. This is due to the fact that water washing of air with humidification and a decrease in air temperature negatively affects the condition of the filters, which leads to rapid wear of consumables. By the way, special indicators report excessive clogging or wear of the same HEPA membranes in electronic systems.
After that, the surfaces of the heat exchanger, heat exchanger, air ducts, grilles and other equipment surfaces that are in direct contact with air flows are cleaned. It is better not to use strong chemicals when cleaning - the choice of detergents depends on the materials of construction. Special attention should be given to non-galvanized metals.
Conclusion
The organization of an air duct connecting the premises in the apartment with the street provides many opportunities in terms of microclimate control. Air renewal is a basic, but not the only task that can be solved with this infrastructure. In particular, it can be a full range of filtration functions, within which flows can change the characteristics of humidity, temperature, etc.
Nevertheless, there may be a question of choosing between the supply duct and more solid climate equipment in the form of a split system or air conditioner. Against the background of specialized technology, the advantages are no longer so obvioussupply ventilation in the apartment. Is this system necessary or not for an ordinary owner of urban housing? Wouldn't it be better to provide rooms with ergonomic units that function as humidifiers, cleaners and disinfectors?
Firstly, supply systems benefit from minimal energy consumption. In the simplest versions, they cost nothing at all in terms of financial content. When compared with air conditioners, multifunctional supply ventilation will also benefit. Second, it saves space. In the minimum configuration, this is a remote installation, and in the extended one, it is also a rather compact device, leaving only a control panel with a small climate control unit indoors. Only limited functionality can be confusing, but these capabilities are constantly being improved, as evidenced by the emergence of wireless control systems.
