Pears are characterized by abundant fruiting. In late summer or early autumn, they are covered with a huge amount of brightly colored fruits. But such a result is possible only with good care and a properly formed crown. Proper care of the pear in the spring will provide an opportunity to enjoy its delicious fragrant fruits.
Soil
Pear grows well in loose, loamy soil. He loves black earth, forest gray earth.
Grows poorly in sandy or heavy clay soils. The latter contribute to the stagnation of water near the roots.
Landing
It is better to plant a pear in autumn. But you can do it in the spring, before the buds open. The pit is still better to prepare in the fall. When choosing plants for planting, you need to consider that there should be at least two pears in the garden. This will improve tree pollination.
Usually a pear tree is quite tall. Its roots do not like frost, and the crown requires good lighting. Therefore, it is better to place it in the western or southwestern part of the garden. Try not to let it grow nearbyRowan. After all, they have the same enemies with a pear. A pear will not bear fruit near the wall of the house.
Pear in nature loves to grow on slopes or hills. You can use this feature to grow it.
Dig a hole in the form of a cube with a side of 1 m, mix the selected soil with humus, compost, a kilogram of superphosphate, potassium chloride (100 g). It is very good to carry out liming of the soil by adding one and a half kilograms of this substance to the pit.
The pit is filled completely. Water the tree, tie it to a support. You can leave a recess for watering, which is then mulched with a thick layer of grass, straw or sawdust.
After planting a pear, its root neck should be 3 centimeters above ground level.
Young pear trees do not like direct sunlight. From their impact, the leaves begin to turn black. In this case, you need to shade the tree. And when it grows up, the sun will be most welcome for it.
Irrigation
Pear, like any tree, will not be able to take root without enough water. It can be watered by sprinkling. This option is the best for the pear, but not always available to its owner.
In this case, you can dig a groove about 15 centimeters deep around the tree and pour water into it. The number of irrigations is determined by weather conditions. After planting, you need to water every other day, in cool weather - once every three days for two months.
The thicker the layer of mulch, the less often you can waterpear trees. Too much moisture can cause roots to rot.
Care for pear seedlings in spring includes watering. If there is little moisture in the ground, the pear is watered before it blooms. For a young tree, 5-6 buckets will be enough for this, and older pears are watered at the rate of three buckets per square meter of area occupied by the root system. After watering, add, if necessary, a layer of mulch or loosen the uncovered soil.
If the soil is moist, then care for pears in the spring does not include watering. Its root penetrates to the depth where the amount of water is sufficient for normal development.
Pear care in early spring
Begins with cutting branches and forming a crown. It is carried out after the threat of early frost blows, and ends before bud break. After all, the pear needs to heal its wounds before this time so that it does not enter the spring weakened.
Pruning can be aimed at crown formation or corrective. You can get a normal harvest only from a properly formed tree.
The pear crown happens:
- Palmetta.
- Sparse-tiered.
Palmette suggests minimal interference with the shape of the crown. The central conductor remains and grows upwards. Although it is shortened, it is not cut out on the ring.
With a sparse-tiered form of the crown, the branches grow in tiers, each of which contains several skeletal ones.
Care for a pear in the spring after the leaves bloom
A one-year-old seedling is cut to 90 centimeters. With the formation of young branches from blossoming buds, they must be directed to a horizontal position. To do this, an ordinary clothespin is hooked over non-lignified shoots. Its long part directs the escape in the right direction. If in May or June they did not have time to carry out this procedure, then in July-August they are sent with twine.
Having planted a two-year-old seedling in the ground, leave 3-4 skeletal branches in it and shorten them by a quarter of the length. A shorter pruning results in late fruiting. In addition, strong young vertical shoots begin to grow on branches cut in this way, which will still have to be removed. The conductor is cut 20 cm above these branches.
More skeletal branches (of the first order) in the lower part of the crown overload it and do not contribute to the formation of a beautiful crown.
In an older tree, the branches are transferred to a horizontal direction, tied with a rope and fixed by a nail driven into the trunk. It is easier to do this with a pear than with an apple tree. Its branches are much more elastic. Although the rest of the care for apple and pear trees in the spring is similar in many ways.
Pruning mature trees
If you failed to translate some branches into a horizontal position, it is better to remove them by cutting them into a ring.
The branches that are left to grow vertically come into fruition later. And if the crown is not cut and shaped, then the yield from the tree will be minimal.
You can expand the crown by transferring the skeletal branches to the outer ones of the second order. To do this, the branch is cut so that the kidney,located after the cut was on the outside.
The second tier is formed in the fourth year of a pear's life. The conductor is cut off, leaving 7 buds. All branches that are between the tiers are shortened for fruiting.
For the fifth and subsequent years, the crown is clarified, all shoots growing vertically are cut into the ring, or, if necessary, they are transferred to the outer bud.
In the future, dry, diseased, broken branches are cut. They do not allow crossing and friction of branches against each other.
If pear growth with regular feeding has decreased to 20 cm, you can carry out a light anti-aging pruning. Weak branches are cut out, the rest are shortened, transferring them to the side ones. This will make it possible to get a high yield for several years.
Care for a young pear in the spring continues by cleaning the shelter, which protected the roots and trunk of the plant from frost and rodents for the winter. Check their condition. Wounds left by rodents are treated with vitriol and covered with garden pitch. Caring for pears in the spring includes treating the trunk with lime mortar. This will protect it from sunburn before the leaves open and kill some pathogens.
The soil around the tree is dug up to a depth of 8-15 cm. In this case, not only aeration increases and moisture is revealed, but also the pests that have hibernated there are destroyed. Then the trunk circle is mulched.
Feeding
Caring for pears in the spring usually includes top dressing. A pear during the normal development process per year givesgrowth of 40 centimeters. If it is much smaller, then you need to urgently feed the tree. In this case, the age of the tree must be taken into account. If he is already over 15, then top dressing will not help, you need to carry out anti-aging circumcision.
It is not necessary to fertilize a pear in the first year after planting. After all, you put all the substances she needs into the pit. And in the second year, you can already start applying organic matter every three years, mineral fertilizers - every year, the same as when planting, mixing them with the soil. Organic fertilizers are added after mineral fertilizers.
Foliar top dressing is useful for pear. Before flowering, it is sprayed with a three percent solution of superphosphate. Treatment with a 2% urea solution strengthens the tree and increases its yield. This is an optional, but very useful procedure, which includes pear care in the spring.
Pest and disease control
It often happens that in the spring the pear blossoms, as if drenched, in the summer it is covered with fruits, and in the fall there is nothing to clean. Therefore, caring for pears in the spring includes the fight against diseases and pests.
Diseases that most often damage pears:
- scab;
- rust;
- moniliosis;
- bacterial cancer;
- cytosporosis;
- fruit rot.
A lot of harm:
- apple beetle;
- gall mite;
- codling moth;
- pear sucker;
- aphid;
- May larva gnaws the rootbeetle.
Diseases and pests can be controlled with integrated treatments.
Bordeaux liquid, "Pennkotzeb", "Azofos", "Horus" helps against diseases.
But one spray will not be enough. If you want to get a good harvest, get ready to provide the kind of care that a pear needs. In the spring, spraying "Aktara", "Bi-58", "Karate", "Decis" helps to get rid of pests.
It needs to be done several times:
- before bud break;
- before flowering;
- after fruit formation;
- after harvest.
In May, the "Aktara" package is bred in a bucket of water and young trees are watered to protect the roots from destruction by the larvae of the cockchafer.
Care for pears on cloned rootstocks
What is the advantage of clonal pear rootstocks:
- they significantly reduce the height of the pear;
- trees bear fruit faster;
- their yields are higher than usual.
When choosing a clone rootstock for a pear, keep in mind that they are incompatible with some varieties.
