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The role of the porch in a private house cannot be overestimated. This part of the building is functional, but performs another important role - it makes the building complete externally. In general, the porch can be considered the hallmark of the house. To date, there are many options for such designs, which depend on the budget, material of construction and the preferences of the owner. At the same time, it can be argued that the task of making a durable, strong and beautiful porch is completely solvable, and you can carry out such work yourself.
It is noteworthy that the porch can be built even after the construction of the house is completed. But it is better to put this idea into the project, because, otherwise, you will have to make separate foundations that will shrink in different ways, which can lead to deformations.
Drafting
Run a porch for a privateat home with your own hands is quite real. However, first you need to draw up a project. The structure that determines the design of the porch can be classified into three types, among them:
- built-in;
- simple;
- attached.
A porch of a simple type is a platform with steps and a canopy. When assembling such a structure, the most difficult step is pouring the foundation, which is required even for a wooden structure. But the built-in porch should be designed together with the house, as well as built.
An attached porch for a private house with your own hands can also be done. This design is almost no different from the built-in one and can be easily modified and rebuilt. The attached porch is arranged by reworking or finishing a simple porch. The foundation for this part of the house is necessary, because it is necessary to exclude the deformation of the steps, which is associated with temperature changes and seasonal changes in the external environment.
Building the foundation
For all types of porches, the foundation is a common step. Deep laying coincides with the depth of laying the foundation of the whole house. Otherwise, due to shrinkage of the soil during seasonal freezing and thawing, deformation of the extension is possible. If, during the shrinkage of the soil, the structure shifts towards the main building, then the base of the porch will collapse. At the same time, minor repairs will not work, everything will have to be redone again.
You can make a closed porch for a private house with your ownhands. Although it will be glazed, it is not intended for living; wooden furniture cannot be installed inside, because it can warp under the influence of temperature and moisture. But as a foundation for such a design, you can use a concrete pillow. However, if the material is brick or concrete, then the base will have to be reinforced. Such a design will exert a load on the base, unlike a wooden counterpart.
Work methodology
Building a porch for a private house with your own hands begins with the construction of a foundation. To do this, you need to mark a rectangular area of the desired size. Supports are located in the corners, and along the outlined contour it is necessary to dig a pit. You need to delve into the line of laying the main foundation. However, one should not dig too deep, because the force load during the displacement of foundations and during the shrinkage of the soil, as well as temperature changes, will be less, however, destruction cannot be avoided.
Above the porch should be a large canopy that requires the installation of supports. The roof should protrude 30 cm on each side. Supports for the canopy can be made even after the creation of the porch itself. At the points of installation of piles, it is necessary to leave rectangles of an undigged area. In these areas, wells are subsequently drilled, where supports are installed. The hollow space is filled with concrete.
Formwork in this case is desirable, although on stony soil you can do without it. For formwork, you can useboards from construction or chipboard, as well as thin plywood. However, chipboard and thick plywood are hygroscopic, so they will swell due to exposure to groundwater and rain, so after the concrete has hardened, the formwork must be disposed of. Cuttings of softwood boards can be left. If the soil is strongly deformed, then the coniferous formwork boards will act as a damping cushion.
Work methodology
If you are faced with the question of how to make a porch in a private house, then you should also think about its waterproofing, which is mandatory. For its device, it is necessary to cover the bottom with roofing material, as well as the inner surface of the formwork. A mesh will act as a reinforcing cage, which is laid on bricks.
The lattice is made from pieces of reinforcement. Bricks are laid at the bottom of the pit, and then a grid, then you can start pouring concrete. In order to prevent voids from forming in its thickness, after each layer the mixture is well rammed with a shovel. It is more efficient to use a vibrocompactor for this, which is expensive, but is rented out.
After the concrete has set, which will happen in about a week, it is necessary to level the surface of the foundation and cover it with roofing felt or film, providing an overlap of 50 cm at the edges. Otherwise, excess water in the surface layer will make the material brittle, and the idea itself will ground will be meaningless.
Building a wooden porch
Beforehow to make a porch in a private house, you should think about what material to use for this. It can be wood. This version of the device is the most traditional and widespread, because the design is easy to manufacture and in harmony with nature.
To perform the work, prepare a circular saw and a construction square. The ideal material will be larch, followed by spruce and other conifers, which are very durable and easy to process. The material needs to be impregnated to last longer.
If you have to work with hardwood, you will also need a suitable tool, as well as specific knowledge. If this version of the porch of a private house suits you, then at the first stage of its manufacture it is necessary to perform a kosour. For the reason that making a width less than 120 cm is impractical, 3 beams will be required. A distance of 0.5 m must be maintained between the stringers. This approach will ensure the durability and strength of the structure.
For reference
Kosour is a load-bearing beam with highlighted teeth. This node plays the function of an additional support, which is located from the inside. Steps will be located on the horizontal edges of the teeth. To carry out the work, you should also prepare a bowstring, which is an external stringer or an inclined beam. Its thickness is three times greater than that of the kosour.
The bowstrings are connected at the ends by beams, and the required number of stringers is installed between them. When you cut out the ribs for the steps, you will need a corner. There should be no distance between the teeth. Even if it is equal to 7 mm, this will ensure easy subsidence of the step in one place.
It is important to determine the size of the porch of a private house even before its construction. For example, the width of the steps is determined taking into account the foot of an adult. Therefore, a margin must be added to the value. This parameter can be equal to the limit from 35 to 45 cm. But the height of the riser should not be more than 20 cm. There should be an odd number of steps, while if there are more than 3, then you need to install a railing. The overhang of the steps can not be done if the porch is glazed, and the stairs are covered from snow and rain. When it comes out, the overhang is necessary so that water accumulates on the plane of the lower step, and does not flow down the riser into the groove.
The finished staircase must be installed in such a way that the planes of the steps have a slope of 2 cm per meter. This will ensure that water flows down, and ice will not form on the steps themselves. After assembly, the structure must be installed on a reinforced platform, which is the foundation. In order to ensure the strength of the installation in the place where the base will be located, a small recess can be made using a beam, while the concrete has not yet completely hardened. This will give you a solid stop for the stairs.
Expert Tips
The top platform must have a flooring, for this the same material is used as for the stairs. ATIn this case, one rule should be followed, which is that the boards should have the maximum available length and width, while the joints should be adjusted as accurately as possible. If the boards are well rubbed in, then there will be no deformation, even if the wood begins to delaminate over time.
Metal porch making
If you decide to build the porch of a private house with your own hands, then you can use metal. Such work can be carried out much faster than those where wood is used. This approach can be considered relatively cheap, but only if you do not plan to use forged elements.
The simplest option is a design of corners, channels and filling material, the latter are:
- thick chipboard;
- wood;
- porcelain tile.
For work, two channels should be prepared, the length of each of which will be equal to the length of the stairs. These elements should be located in parallel, and the step between them is equal to the length of the future step. A corner is cut to the size of the latter, along its edges it is necessary to add a centimeter for the weld. From the corner you need to cut off a piece, the length of which is equal to the height between the steps. The pieces are welded to each other, you can get an L-shaped design.
As a result, the frame of the step in the section will be formed. There should be such a number of such parts that corresponds to the number of steps. These blanks are welded to the channel, which will allow you to getmetal stringer. The corner that is located under the riser should be turned upside down, this will create a kind of side. On this we can assume that the staircase is almost ready. At the next stage, you can finish it, wood is most often used for this.
Making a canopy
You can also make a canopy over the porch of a private house yourself. It can be made from wood. The structure will be installed on supports. You can use beams. The first stage is the installation of supports. To do this, two racks are mounted, which are removed from the wall of the house at a distance equal to 2 m or less. The best option would be to lay brick supports, they can be made of metal pipes or concrete.
When a canopy is being made over the porch of a private house, a truss system will also have to be installed. To do this, recesses are made in the wall for the installation of beams. They should be located opposite each support. Should be deepened by 200 mm. One end of the beam will be located on the support, while the other will be in the recess. Fixation is carried out with nuts and washers or studs.
At the next stage, you can start building a porch truss system for a private house made of wood. To do this, you will need to choose a roof structure, which can be gable or flat. The latter option is much simpler, it will be enough to lay the boards across the beams and cover them with the appropriate roofing material. But if the canopy is supposed to be made gable, then you will need a full-fledged skate. The technology remains the same.
The technique provides for the installation of a crate, a counter-crate and a layer of a hydro-barrier. When a porch is being made for a private house made of wood, the next step is to start sheathing the frame. The bottom filing will be done with plastic panels or siding. When cladding, you need to think about lighting, because the visor must have lamps. Recently, point ones have been quite common.
Installing railings
If you want to get a beautiful porch in a private house, then it is better to complement it with a railing. To do this, you have to install support poles. These elements are located above the balusters and have a greater thickness. They are well attached and fixed to each other. The easiest way to carry out such work is to use nails, but it is better to make the base of the supports with spikes and apply glue, and then fix the structure with self-tapping screws.
The porch railing will have balusters, which are made from square bars with a side of 50 mm. Balusters are fixed with glue and self-tapping screws. When installing them, it is necessary to tighten the cord so that the workpieces are located on the same level. After completion of installation work, you can proceed to painting, as well as applying protective agents.
The most optimal railing height is from 90 to 110 cm. The distance between the internal posts should not be less than 60 cm. Additional elements can be placed between the balusters and posts in the vertical and horizontal directions every 15 cm maximum. If the porch railings don't have thesestance, it may cause injury.
Porch decoration
When decorating a closed porch of a private house, it can be ennobled with facing materials like stone or ceramic tiles. Quite often recently, the porch is decorated in Russian traditions. Carved elements, as well as ornate patterns, can act as decorations.
The porch in the form of a fortress looks quite respectable. It is a massive structure, decorated with natural stone. The design of the porch of a private house in this case may include the use of lamps in the form of torches. Additionally, you can install gratings, the massiveness of which will emphasize the pots with climbing plants. If the area of the enclosed space allows, then you can use forged furniture.
Conclusion
Drafting the porch of a private house is only the first step, but one of the most important when arranging this part of the house. If you want to make it not only functional, but also beautiful, you can expand the area of \u200b\u200bthe extension and place items there to your liking. It can be flower pots that are installed on both sides of the entrance. This will give the appearance of the porch a cozy atmosphere.
But if you want to protect yourself from bright sunlight, you can use curtains, but it is better to use unpretentious materials for them, because the porch is a place that is used quite actively, so the materials there can quickly become unusable or dirty.
