From our article you will learn how to make the input of electricity into a wooden house with your own hands. The need for this arises not only when building a new house, but also when repairing an old one. Although, of course, in recent years, the tree has begun to enjoy great popularity among summer residents - the material is environmentally friendly, much warmer than brick or cinder block, and most importantly, it is more pleasant to live in a wooden house. The problem only arises with fire safety and electrical wiring.
Wood is a combustible material, in order to improve the safety index, it is necessary to process it with high quality. But we will talk about electrical wiring further. No subtleties, only the basics of installing power supply systems typical for wooden houses. All the subtleties can be learned from specialized collections - PUE (this is how the rules for electrical installations are called for short).
Introduction of electricity
Before considering the features of installing electricity input into a wooden house (it is quite possible to do it with your own hands), you need to answer one question. What is an input, exactly? This is the most critical section of electrical wiring. This is the distance between the junction box of a private house and the power line. Please note that the installation of this section should be trusted only to specialists who have permission to carry out all work. It is also worth paying attention to the fact that cable laying can be carried out both in the air and underground. Let's look at each option separately. And most importantly, we will tell you about the rules for introducing electricity into wooden houses.
Overhead line
Let's look at the advantages and disadvantages of this input mounting option. There are not so many advantages, but they are significant - installation is very cheap, and the line design is simple to disgrace. The disadvantages of the design are much more. And the most important is low aesthetics. In addition, the line can be damaged by trees, snow stuck. It should also be noted that between the ground and the input point there must be a distance (according to the PUE) of at least 2.75 m. Not always the situation will allow you to make the correct input of electricity into a wooden house.
Connection to the power line is carried out using a SIP cable and special fittings. For fasteners, it is necessary that there are hooks on the house and the support, for which this reinforcement can be hooked.
Underground power line
First, let's look at the advantages of such an arrangement for entering the house:
- High degree of aesthetics. No "foreign" objects are visible, everything is hidden from view.
- Operation is as safe and convenient as possible. Wires and cables do not interfere with repairs or other work in the building. It should be noted right away that it is very difficult to damage the input cable.
You can also mention the disadvantages of entering electricity into a wooden house underground:
- Some input components can cost a lot of money. The cost of laying an overhead line is significantly lower.
- Difficulties arise when laying the cable underground. The problem is that you will have to think over the route along which you will lead the cable in advance. Then you need to dig a trench and lay a cable in it according to all the requirements of the PUE.
In addition, it should be noted that when laying the cable in a trench, it is necessary to carry out a few more manipulations. For example, at the bottom it is necessary to equip a sand cushion, and if necessary, lay the entire line in a steel pipe.
Safety is the most important
If you follow all the recommendations and requirements of the PUE, it is necessary to lay the cable with the highest quality. After all, the fact is that between the switchboard in the house and the cable entry, the gap is the most dangerous, responsible and difficult. And if you do something wrong, it will affect security.
The reason for this is that there is no site protectionelectrical wiring from power surges. There is also no protection against short circuits - no circuit breakers and RCDs are provided. In other words, any emergency situation can turn into a tragedy. Not every village or microdistrict has electrical network protection, in some cases it works with a long delay. During the operation, the house may catch fire.
What are the safety requirements?
Frighten you with what can happen with improper installation, and now let's figure out how to avoid trouble? There are no difficulties, just follow simple recommendations:
- The cable should only be used with insulation that has the abbreviation "ng". This literally means that the insulation is not combustible or it makes it difficult to burn. A good example is the VVGng cable. Before choosing a cable, you need to inspect it, check the certificates of conformity and letter designations.
- Thick-walled steel pipes should be used to protect the area of \u200b\u200bpower input to a wooden house. Pay attention to the fact that you need to hide the entire cable in the pipe. Of course, this requirement does not apply to the overhead line. But the section that runs along the walls of the building needs to be hidden.
- At the entrance to the building, you need to install circuit breakers - they will protect the wiring section from short circuits and overloads. Installation of the machine is carried out from the outside of the building in the break of the main cable. So that the circuit breakers are notexposed to precipitation, it is necessary to enclose them in a housing that does not allow moisture and dust to pass through. Be sure to install sealed glands at the outlet and inlet of the box. Please note that in the event of an emergency, the circuit breaker installed in the house must first work. And only after him street. Therefore, the street current should be higher.
- Another degree of protection is the installation of a protection device on a power pole. It is in the place where the cable is taken to the house. But this option should be carefully considered before the installation of the input cable is carried out. The specialists who will install the input must prepare all the materials and install the necessary nodes on the power pole.
After completing the installation of the input, you can start connecting the internal wiring. It should be noted right away that the input of electricity into a wooden house (in a country house, for example) should be carried out only when the internal wiring is made and tested. Do not connect it if there are shorted wires or other damage.
Shield at the input
All these works need to be done in advance. You need to start from the shield at the entrance, in which you put circuit breakers, a meter, an RCD, etc. Please note that a separate machine must be installed for each consumer. For example, for one room you need two circuit breakers - for lighting fixtures and sockets.
Before proceeding with the wiring, you mustdraw a diagram on paper and indicate the location of all the main components. It is advisable to make a diagram in electronic form and print it out so that later you do not have to guess which machine or RCD is responsible for what.
When you start to determine the number of RCDs needed for full protection, put backup machines in the shield. This will avoid reworking the shield when changing wiring or rebuilding the house.
First, answer the main questions
Now you know how to make electricity input to a wooden house and install a switchboard. But you still need to decide on the option of the electrical wiring device:
- Open (external).
- Hidden (internal).
- Wiring in flexible ducts or cable channels.
Next, we will look at the advantages and disadvantages of all these types of wiring.
Outdoor wiring
This is the simplest design, can be used in wooden buildings, it has the following advantages:
- Installation is outrageously simple - even a person who is poorly versed in electrical engineering can do it.
- The cost of materials and work is negligible.
But there are also disadvantages of such a system:
- Low degree of aesthetics. Especially for cases when several wires are laid at once along one route. The disadvantage can be eliminated by making the wiring under the "antique". The wires are twisted and fixed on ceramic insulators. Oddly enough, but this option for arranging electrical wiring is currently popular.
- The question of the safety of such wiring remains open - if there are children in the house, then it is worth considering whether it is necessary to lay the cable this way. And if the child decides to pull on the wires to tear them off the wall? It's worth playing safe and considering another mounting option.
Cable channels and flexible ducts
In fact, this is something between closed and open postings. We can highlight the following pluses:
- All necessary precautions are being taken. For example, the wires do not touch the walls, they go at a certain distance from them. These requirements are spelled out in the PUE.
- The view after the completion of installation work is very neat. And most importantly - it is possible to make changes to the wiring configuration. You can change the trajectory along which the wires are laid, add a new cable,
But there is a downside to this type of wiring - it's ideal for offices and other buildings that change hands frequently. The requirements for installing switches and sockets are different for everyone, so office space owners come to such a compromise - wiring in cable channels allows you to quickly move electrical appliances to other places. In a private house, such wiring is rarely used.
Installation of concealed wiring in wooden houses
The article describes how the organization of wiring inside the building and inputelectricity to a wooden house in the country. Photo examples are given in the course of the article for clarity. Slowly, we came to the most common type of electrical wiring - hidden. He has only one plus - the wires are hidden from the eyes, they are securely hidden inside the walls.
But there are also disadvantages to this option:
- Wiring is difficult, as all cables must be hidden in a steel pipe. Of course, the use of tubes made of other materials that are not subject to combustion is allowed.
- Planning a wiring diagram is necessary during the construction of a building in order to comply with all norms and requirements.
- Changing the scheme is accompanied by a lot of complex work.
It should also be noted that when laying hidden wiring, twist-type connections should not be allowed. Be sure to purchase self-clamping terminal blocks and use them when installing.
Result
When performing work on arranging the supply of electricity to a wooden house, it must be remembered that wood is a highly flammable material. You should not deviate from the recommendations that are spelled out in the requirements of the PUE. Deviating from these requirements, you create the danger of losing property. According to statistics, the main cause of fires is the short circuit of the electrical wiring. Do not save on materials, do not miss even the smallest details when arranging electrical wiring in a wooden house.
