The home is considered the protective fortress of every person. Within the framework of this conditional concept, many began to think about more reliable buildings. The question arises of how to build a bunker. It is located underground, nothing better to invent. If a person is afraid of natural disasters and just tries to be in a protective place, there are special projects for such a structure.
You can build it on your site, often this is done in the country. There are a number of advantages to this shelter, although it does not always save. If a decision is made to build, you will have to take useful instructions as a basis and implement the project according to it. There are no difficulties, only all the tools and material are being prepared, because the underground house has its own construction features. What exactly are the features, we will consider further.
There will be no paperwork
Thinking about how to build a bunker, many take into account this issue. Should there be any paperwork? The first plus, according to experts, is that it is not required to prepare documentation, receivepermission for such a building. But this is provided that everything is done on a personal site. Although there is an exception. If there are communications of central importance under the soil, it is more difficult to make a bunker. Buildings can be damaged, and this is a serious violation.
Before you build a bunker, all these issues should be clarified. This is the first step towards building protective housing. One cannot do it alone, so an assistant must be present, and preferably not one. Only after that the main work begins. It is important to take into account the proximity of groundwater during construction.
Proximity to groundwater
Before you build a bunker, you have to understand at what level the groundwater is. If this is overlooked, then you will get not a living space, but a large pool. To do this, it is important to know at what depth the waters are. But is it possible to perform such procedures on your own? According to experts, the process is not so complicated: attention is directed to the nearest wells, any reservoirs. The difference between the level of land and water will become the principle of the occurrence of groundwater flows. It is not difficult to make accurate calculations, it is important not to rush at this stage. The instructions for performing the work are elementary - everyone who creates their own in-depth dwelling must come to this goal with certain knowledge.
Experienced architects' opinion
Another helper is deep water wells. In the process of their creation, it is more clear at what level the ground flows go.
House undergroundmust form above the streams, the minimum distance is 50 centimeters. The bigger, the better. Here is the calculation: if the groundwater is at the level of 5 meters, then the foundation pit for the new building is 4.5 meters. Although when groundwater is above 4 meters, it will not work to create a full-fledged house underground. Because attention is paid to comfort, protection, convenience of existence for a long time. Reliability is not in last place, so every little thing will have to be calculated.
How to choose a seat?
Many think about how to choose the base and calculate the depth of the bunker. Sometimes there are ideas of building a shelter under the house, in the basement. Architects believe that this idea is bad and should not be implemented. And all because there are cataclysms - a hurricane, winds, flooding. The main structure will collapse, and the entrance to the underground shelter will be thrown by fragments. Will have to look for something more suitable. If the size of the plot allows, construction begins.
Although such a structure is allowed, if there is an additional entrance to the bunker, at a distance of up to 10 meters from the house. Communication is essential for a fulfilling life. If they are standalone, this is the best solution. Communications should not have a connection with the house; in the event of a collapse, there will be no electricity supply to the bunker. This is emphasized by all architects and specialists in the construction of residential premises.
Besides this, you will have to hide the entrance. It is located in the place of outbuildings on the site. Often do-it-yourself bunker constructionconducted from the entrance. Let him be in the garden among the trees and shrubs. It will not be visible to anyone - only the owners will know how to get into their underground home.
What is the area?
An important point of every dwelling is to check the dimensions. It is based on the fact that people will stay in it for a short period of time. For the period of a natural disaster, a hurricane, such a calculation of the area is made - 4 m2 per resident. Under these conditions, it will be comfortable to wait out adverse conditions on the surface of the earth.
If there are three people in a family, then it turns out 12 m2, it is not difficult to implement such a project. The calculation is carried out by multiplication. If the territory at the house is large, then the area increases, but not to the detriment of comfort. Bunkers build temporary and long-term residence. The choice of some parameters depends on this.
Short period
Architects believe that in order to be inside the shelter for a short period of time, a septic tank made of durable material may well be suitable. What is being done:
- Strong capacity is being purchased.
- Burns into the ground at a certain distance.
- Size is calculated based on arrivals.
You can wait out a hurricane and a tornado in it, and additional care is not required for many years. There is no need to invest in this building, install ventilation and heating. For air extraction, two natural ventilation pipes leading to the surface are enough. Do not supplement the building with special cleaning devicesneeded.
You will need to install a standard cleaning filter. Sometimes it is done by hand. Gauze, glass wool are purchased - they are fixed on pipes. Electricity is connected to the main system. Batteries are also worth making so that the supply is for a long period.
Heating
This is an open question. Because the earth does not freeze more than one and a half meters. For a temporary stay, maximum heat is not required. Experts advise to have a stock:
- Warm things.
- Quilts.
- Plaid.
- Thermal underwear.
The price of such a shelter is within 400 thousand rubles. The required volume of the septic tank is 19 m3, the preparation of the pit will not be long, and everyone will cope with it quickly. It is easy to hire workers, for about 30 thousand rubles.
For a long stay inside
Before you build a long-term underground bunker, it is worth considering each room. Its total area is not less than 15 m2. A separate room is provided for the location of generators and other necessary components.
For such a structure, drainage is done under the foundation. It should be at least 25 centimeters, and the wall - 27. To prevent the soil from creeping, reinforcement is made using affordable, inexpensive material. The bottom of the pit, before starting construction, is leveled. After the foundation has dried, after 30 days they begin to build walls. For reliability, reinforcement should be fixed every three rows. Drain size underthe foundation is created arbitrary.
The roof must be secure. Durable metal is used. We must not forget about heat and waterproofing. A ladder for descent and a tightly closing door are mounted. In order not to call such a shelter a trap, an emergency exit is made. Before you start interior decoration, it is worth creating a strong, high-quality waterproofing for the walls. There are many materials for this. Next, a partition is made between the main housing and the engine room. The cost will be within 150 thousand if you do it yourself.
To be in such a protective shelter for several days, it is worth considering:
- Autonomous electricity. A generator that runs on diesel or gasoline is suitable. Two-tier installations are being made for fuel storage.
- Ventilation with air filtration.
- Air conditioning. Due to this, air is supplied with cleaning, the installation cost is high.
Stocks
If a stay involves several days, then you can’t do without supplies. One of the important components is water (at least 300 liters). The number of people matters. It is important to have canned food, cereals, other products packaged and with a long shelf life.
You can't do without a first aid kit. It consists of:
- Bandage, adhesive tape.
- Wadding.
- Thermometer, blood pressure monitor.
- Scissors, tourniquet.
- Masks, heating pad.
A set of pills is inserted individually. Be sure to have painkillers and antipyretics. In the presence of chronicdeviations from he alth need to put more auxiliary drugs. Since nutrition will deviate from the norm, digestion pills are required.
What else counts?
In addition to food, first aid kit, it is required to create conditions for a comfortable rest, sleep. Clothes are interchangeable, but the main thing is that you can go out into the light. If chemical exposure is implied, then personal protective equipment is indispensable - gas masks, protective clothing, a flashlight. The last item on the list of important things is quite useful for internal moving to save electricity.
Conclusion
To fully be in the bunker, you need to individually create conditions for yourself. Each person gets used to his own - food, warmth, general atmosphere. Today, such buildings are in great demand. It is not difficult to build them, even without experience. But if you do everything alone, this process will drag on for a long time.
