Modern construction, as a rule, uses one of three main structural schemes - frame, frameless and combined. Frame
the scheme is used in the construction of industrial buildings, and frameless and combined - mainly for residential.
Frameless scheme
A frameless scheme is a design in which the main structural element is a load-bearing wall; in combination, it can be a fencing and separating element. Depending on the location of the walls, frameless schemes are divided, in turn, into longitudinal, transverse and mixed types.
Bearing walls are located, as a rule, along the perimeter of the building and in the middle. In addition to strength and the ability to withstand significant loads, the load-bearing wall, which is also a protective element, must have heat-saving characteristics. What
touches the walls inside the building, they, in addition to holding the elements located on top, divide the space into sections. Therefore, internal load-bearing walls must havecharacteristics such as high sound insulation and shock wave attenuation capability.
Wall materials
For the construction of buildings, various building materials are used, but it is not difficult to choose a few undoubted leaders. First of all, it is, of course, reinforced concrete. As a rule, the load-bearing wall in any traditional high-rise building is made from this building material. If we were talking about a frame building, then there would be no doubt - wall panels would be hung on load-bearing elements - columns - and perform their protective and protective function. However, in order to withstand colossal loads, you can’t get by with ready-made concrete panels - therefore, any internal load-bearing wall of a house is a monolithic reinforced element; the same applies to external load-bearing walls.
Another building material that is often used in the construction of non-industrial buildings is, of course, brick. Often, the "well" technology is used, when a kind of fence is made of bricks (two parallel rows with a space in the middle), and the distance between them is filled with lightweight concrete or other filler - depending on what characteristics it should have
future construction. However, to facilitate the process of erecting a building, ready-made brick blocks are made, so that everyone chooses the best option for their own housing. In order for the load-bearing brick wall to withstand significant loads without deformation and destruction, the masonry is reinforced with steelrods or meshes. The location of reinforcement depends on factors such as wall thickness and type of masonry.
Wireframe
However, load-bearing walls can also be found in a building with a frame structural scheme. Any industrial structure certainly has an extension - an office building with two or three floors. Despite the fact that the main load-bearing elements in the administrative building are columns, the strength of the structure is given by the so-called "stiffness diaphragms" - walls are thicker than partitions, which take on a certain load transmitted from the elements located on them.
