Construction of brick cottages is an important and responsible stage in the life of a family. To perform such a difficult task, it is necessary to attract competent specialists, as well as to purchase many different building materials. Brick is considered the most practical and convenient material for building a building.
The construction of brick cottages is divided into several stages, we will consider them in more detail.
Building layout
Designing a brick home is the first step in building. In order for the building to stand for several decades, it was warm, dry and comfortable inside, you should pay attention to the advice of experts:
- The planning of the house before construction should be carried out after the purchase of the site. This need arises because the location of the building and the terrain affect the structure.
- Before ordering a home project, a preliminary calculation of the total cost is required.
- At the design stage, the design of the future building is agreed upon, as well as the planning of the total living area, its number of storeys.
- The designer mustindicate the exact location of bathrooms, cable channels, sewers and furniture.
- In a private house, there must be a place for a boiler room near the kitchen.
- When finalizing the layout of the rooms and the living room, you need to make sure that each member of the family will live in them comfortably.
Nuances in home design
The development of the plan should be started, taking into account all the wishes of future residents of the house. Only after finding out all the preferences, you can proceed to the construction project. To do this, collect the following information:
- plot documentation;
- landing at home on allocated land;
- complete house plan;
- house facade in axes;
- roof sketches;
- window and door sizes;
- location of channels for ventilation and smoke extraction;
- type of foundation;
- plan for the location of sewerage, electrical appliances and wiring, water supply and heating systems;
- specification of building materials used.
It is not necessary to apply for the development of a project for the construction of brick cottages to specialists, you can make it yourself, or use ready-made projects of standard buildings. The time for the construction of a private house is calculated at the stage of creating a project. The calculation of the term depends on many factors:
- quality of materials used to build brick cottages;
- number of contractors;
- dimensions and design complexity;
- season and climate.
Estimate development
During the development of the building project, an estimate is made at the same time. This is a document without which no builder will get to work. This document sets out the deadlines and work schedule.
The main item of expenditure in the construction of any building is the cost of building materials, as well as payment for the work of contractors. An accurate calculation of the cost of construction is carried out according to the following criteria:
- Amount of planned work.
- Technologies to be used in construction.
- Deadlines until delivery of the object to the customer.
- Number of firms involved in the development of the plan, estimates, purchase of materials.
Documentation for new building registration
After the project and specification are ready, it is necessary to obtain a building permit from the administration of the city or district. To do this, documentation for the future home is sent to officials for consideration. After the approval of the authorities, you can safely proceed to the purchase of equipment and materials for construction.
Workers start construction only when the project, estimate and permission for the construction of a private brick building are completely ready, and the owner of the land has received permission from the authorities for this type of work. Also, you can not do without the purchase of building materials.
Preparing the terrain
Preparatory work on the site where the planned construction of a brickdesigns, includes several activities:
- clearing land for development from debris and vegetation;
- marking the territory under the base.
When marking the land for construction work, a number of rules should be considered:
- marking must be done along the outer and inner contour of the load-bearing wall;
- metal rods and rope are used for this operation;
- the trench must be dug strictly according to the markup;
- in the process of digging, experts recommend increasing the hole by 30-40 cm wide. This is done for convenience during the pouring of cement and installation of the waterproofing layer.
Building the foundation
The basis of any structure is the foundation. It must be strong enough to withstand the load. For the construction of a private brick house, a tape-type foundation is most often used.
The depth of the trench intended for the construction of the foundation depends on the number of storeys of the dwelling. For a house with one or two floors, it is enough to dig a trench 1.5 meters deep, for a higher house, the foundation should go into the ground by at least two meters.
The construction of the foundation is carried out in several stages:
- Formwork is installed in a trench of sufficient depth, which should protrude about 20 cm above the soil level.
- At the bottom of the pit, rubble is poured. The height of the embankment must be at least 5 cm.
- Then the metal reinforcement should be installed.
- After that, the builders lay the embedded elements forplacement of communication equipment.
- The final step is to fill the trench with concrete. After the solution has completely dried (about a month), the formwork is removed and waterproofing is carried out.
Waterproofing pad
For the construction of double-brick houses and cottages, the base of the residential building is covered with a layer of insulation. It is required to prevent water from entering the basement. As a protective layer, hydroisol or roofing material is used.
Varieties of brick
The cost of building a brick cottage directly depends on the choice of the main building material. For the construction of private houses, two types of bricks are most often used - silicate and ceramic.
Silicate building material consists of quartz sand and lime. It has a porous structure, thanks to this property, the walls let oxygen into the room. It is also praised for its good thermal and sound insulation. In addition, the brick has a relatively low weight, which facilitates the overall construction of the house.
This type of brick is divided into two types, depending on the manufacturing process: hollow and solid.
Ceramic bricks are made from fine clay fractions. It has high strength, sufficiently resistant to external influences and has good thermal conductivity.
The construction of brick houses and cottages is also carried out using ceramic blocks with a porous structure. Such material is also highly durable and saves heat in the cold season.
The use of ceramics in the construction of a turnkey brick cottage will give not only strength, but also environmental safety, because this material is made from completely natural raw materials.
Bricklaying
After preparing the foundation, you should start building the walls of the house. When laying bricks, you must adhere to a number of rules:
- Building starts from the corner of the house.
- There should be no space between adjacent bricks.
- The bond of bricks must be reliable, you cannot save on cement mortar.
- Each brick after installation must be tapped to eliminate airiness.
- A reinforced concrete pole is being installed on top of the bricks.
- For even masonry, a level and a horizontal line in the form of a stretched cord are used.
Building a roof
The roof for a house can be designed in various shapes, but the sequence of its construction remains the same:
- First, an attic floor is made.
- Then a wooden truss system is installed.
- At the next stage, the crate is mounted.
- Waterproofing and insulation are laid on top of the resulting structure.
- At the final stage, the finish coat is laid.
Finishing the exterior walls of the house
After the completion of the construction of a turnkey brick cottage, it is necessary to carry out a cosmetic finishexternal walls. The most common style of decoration is considered "country". This is a rustic architectural decoration of a residential building.
This style involves decorating the house with only natural materials. The facade is plastered with further whitewashing or cladding with various decorative materials.
Total construction cost
The price of building a turnkey brick cottage without interior decoration starts at an average of 2 million rubles. For this amount, the owner receives a building made according to a standard or newly developed project, a detailed layout of the premises, geological work and a guarantee of several decades for work and building materials.
When concluding a contract, attention should be paid to the terms, responsibilities of the parties, warranty periods, specifications for materials used in construction.
You should not chase the lowest price when building brick cottages, because the main thing in this business is quality, experienced builders and high-quality building materials. The integrity of the building, the comfort of the household and their safety while living in the cottage depend on the right choice.
