If you are an avid summer resident, then before the onset of the summer season, you should definitely think about creating comfort and coziness in a country house. Although electric heaters are compact and easy to operate, they are a source of expense. But if you build a brick oven for giving, then you can admire the fruit of your labors, heat the rooms in the house, and also save electricity. In addition, with the help of such devices it is possible to cook delicious food. Warm family evenings can be spent around the stove. The device can become a real decoration of the interior.
Choosing a seat
Before you build a furnace, you must find a place for it. Installation must be carried out in such a way as to provide the most efficient heating of the home. If the device is installed to heat the air, it is best to install it in the wall of adjacent rooms. But if you need an oven for cooking, it is better to install the structure closer to the kitchen.
There should be a wall next to the stove through which you can lead the chimney to the street. It is important to take into account thatthe device will have a fairly impressive weight, so it requires a concrete base under it. If the cottage has a wooden floor, then it will be necessary to remove the coating and fill the base. But if there is a concrete surface, you can lay directly on the floor.
Things to consider when planning your oven
When getting acquainted with the projects of brick ovens, you must take into account some of the nuances. For example, tall structures with their own chimney or a device of 500 bricks or more will need a separate foundation that is not connected to the base of the building, even if design and construction are carried out together.
A wide and low hob, as well as a heating shield on the floor, can be placed without a foundation, making only thermal insulation. The flooring under the shield is reinforced with additional lags.
The chimney cut should not come into contact with the ceiling beams. The distance from the cutting to the floor beams should be the same. A brick oven will have a chimney that should protrude 500mm or more above the roof ridge. These two elements must be 1,500 mm apart.
However, it is important to consider exceptions. So, if the oven is made of 1,000 bricks or less, and the foundation of the house is tape, then the base of the heater can be built at the intersection or T-shaped connection of the tapes under the inner walls.
The distance from the foundation of the furnace to other tapes of the foundation of the house should be 1.2 m. The smallest brick oven for a summer residence will require 1,500 bricks. Therefore, the Russian stoveshould be built on a separate foundation. However, there are exceptions here too - a small Russian stove can be built on a wooden guard from a bar. The dimensions of the lumber should be 150 x 150 mm.
Building the foundation
Brick stoves for summer cottages are usually installed on foundations, which can be concrete or stone. Before pouring the solution, it is necessary to prepare the formwork, thanks to which you can achieve a flat surface. Along the perimeter of the excavated pit, wooden slats should be laid, which are fixed with strong reinforcement.
For the foundation it is better to use high-quality material. For this, concrete grade M-250 is perfect. Since the base will be located inside the house, it will not undergo external influences. After pouring the mixture, it must be allowed to dry and harden. Then you can proceed to the main construction.
Additionally about foundation technology
At the first stage of the foundation, it is necessary to dig a foundation pit. To do this, you must go deep into the ground below the freezing line of the soil. The size of the pit should be 10 cm larger on each side. This is necessary to exclude the influence of soil movements. 15 cm of sand is poured to the bottom, which should be filled with water. As soon as the liquid is gone, the sand is added again to the desired level. It is watered again. As soon as the moisture is gone, a brick or stone battle is laid on the bottom. In this case, the layer thickness should be 20 cm. The substrate is compacted and covered with another layersand, which is again filled with water. This procedure must be repeated several times until the sand stops settling.
After that, 10 cm of gravel is poured, which is well compacted. Then you can start installing the formwork. Between the side parts of the foundation and the boards, 10 cm of free space should remain, inside there is a reinforcing cage. The construction of a brick oven at the next stage involves pouring concrete. Its height should be 15 cm lower than the soil surface. As soon as the concrete hardens, you can get rid of the formwork by applying tar in several layers to the side parts. In the resulting free space, it is necessary to fill in coarse sand or fine gravel.
About waterproofing and filling
When laying roofing material, it is attached to the formwork with a stapler. The solution is prepared from cement particles, five parts of crushed stone and 3 parts of pure sand. Crushed stone must first be freed from impurities. All components are mixed in a convenient container. As soon as you get a homogeneous mass, you can start adding water.
The mixture is constantly stirred, while gradually adding water until you get the consistency of thick sour cream. On this we can assume that the solution is ready. It is poured into the formwork. Work is best done in one day, otherwise you will get several layers that may crack during operation.
Reinforced concrete slab on piles
The foundation for the furnace may include the installation of a reinforced concrete slab, located on pile supports. The thickness of the base in this case varies from 15 to 20 cm. Which type of foundation to choose will depend on the depth of soil freezing in the region.
If the site has clay soil with high groundwater, it is better to choose a foundation for the stove in the form of a slab. The structure should be built separately from the main foundation, the gap between these nodes is 5 cm. This will eliminate the dependence of one base on the shrinkage of the other.
Foundation on piles
In order to install the base on piles, it is necessary to remove the vegetation layer of soil by 25 cm. With the help of a drill, recesses are made in the soil. Their diameter should be 20 cm. Crushed stone is poured into the bottom of the pit, which is well compacted.
Rooferoid twisted into a sleeve should be inserted into the wells. The holes in the next step are filled with concrete mortar. If polyethylene or asbestos pipes are available, you can insert them into the holes, and after 10 days pour the foundation.
Kiln ordering
If you don't have enough experience, you can use the ready order. According to her, the first two rows are laid out in a solid line. When installing the 3rd row, it is necessary to make a chamber, which is then covered with crushed stone, connected by clay mortar. A bottom is installed on top, distributing heat throughout the oven.
When you start laying the next row, you can build a blower chamber. A grate is laid on top, which will act as the bottom of the combustion chamber. Ordering a brick oven inThe 12th and 13th rows provide for the installation of a cast-iron flooring that covers the combustion chamber. The oven is placed five rows above the flooring. Pipes can be placed between the combustion chamber and the cabinet. Be sure to provide for the presence of plugs and cleanings.
Building the Furnace
A brick oven for giving must be separated from the foundation by a layer of waterproofing. For this, ruberoid is used. Before starting construction, a solution should be prepared. It is better if it is temperature resistant, this will extend the life of the structure, and the construction process will be convenient and simple.
The first row of bricks is laid out using fireclay products. They will not be exposed to the temperature in this part of the structure. At the bottom of the oven should have an ash pan, so the high temperatures of this part are not terrible. Fireclay bricks are not used for cladding, as they have an unsightly appearance.
Having laid the first row, you can install the blower door. It is fixed with steel wire. In addition to it, you can use welded metal structures or studs. When mounting the second row, you must take into account the area of the ash chamber. The bottom is covered with a 3 mm steel sheet. With it, you can remove debris from the ash pan.
When laying out a brick oven for a summer residence, at the stage of the third row you must install the internal steel frame. The height of the ash pan will be adjusted at will. But this parameter is determined by the height of the door, to which you need to add two rows from the top. The middle part isthe most difficult stage of installation. At this level, it is necessary to form a firebox. In it, burning wood with coal will emit heat, warming the air.
In the middle of the furnace, a steel frame must be installed. If it is possible to make grooves in the masonry, then this step is not mandatory. To do this, markup should be installed along the row of masonry, where the installation of the grate will take place. With the help of a grinder, grooves are cut. As soon as the grates are installed, it is necessary to lay two more rows, after which you can begin to form the rear compartment for the chimney. Working at this stage requires special attention, because the rows tab will determine the size and height of the firewood chamber. This compartment can be small, medium or large.
Working on the hob
The brick oven project may include a hob. Its dimensions will determine the parameters of the entire structure. As soon as the device is laid out, it is necessary to make grooves in the top row with a grinder. A steel corner is installed in them, which has the shape of a rectangle. Its shape should follow the dimensions of the hob.
At the next stage, the form is set, it is necessary to use a temperature-resistant mortar, which was used when laying bricks. Once the mortar has hardened, a cast-iron stove can be placed on top.
Stove finishes
If you are thinking about how to finish a brick oven oncottage, then for a start you can consider one of the traditional methods of cladding - plaster. Before applying it, to prevent cracking due to exposure to high temperatures, the base is covered with a chain-link mesh, reinforced with dowels.
Further, the surface can be covered with plaster. If this type of oven does not suit you, then you can lay tiles on top. For cladding, aluminum strips with holes are often used, which are installed in the vertical seams of the brickwork. At the next stage, a T-profile is fixed to these strips, it is necessary to use bolts.
The same ceramic tiles are laid between the aluminum corners. You can also use clinker made from heterogeneous types of clays, to which dyes, energy melters and fireclay are added.
Terracotta is suitable for majolica, which has no glaze and is highly durable. Its base is highly porous, and its shape is rounded. In order to make the simplest brick oven for giving more attractive, you can use majolica for decoration, which is a glazed tile. A pattern can be seen on its surface.
Using tiles for decoration
Brick wood-burning stoves are quite often finished with tiles. The installation of the row should start from the corner. The material is pre-wetted with water. The solution is placed under a ceramic box (rump). Then, holding the adjacent elements, a solution is laid between the ramps.
Tiles are fastened with pins fromannealed wire. Its diameter should be 4 mm. The pins should be inserted into the holes on the shelves of the box. Between themselves, these elements are fixed with a 2-mm wire. The ribs of ceramic boxes are fastened with clamps, which are metal fastening brackets. The size of the seams between the tiles should not be more than 2 mm. You can rub the seams with alabaster.
Brick lining
Brick oven can be lined. The decor is carried out with the corresponding brick. It is forbidden to build the structure itself from such products, because the maximum temperature that they are able to endure is 650 ˚С. In order to prevent the impact of high temperatures emanating from refractory bricks, a layer of thermal insulation must be laid on the decorative clinker, which is destroyed under such influence. Its thickness should be 5 mm or more.
Do-it-yourself brick oven is finished with facing material with special care. The seams must be even, otherwise the structure will not be so attractive. In order for the finished structure to turn out clean, you can seal the front side of the finish with masking tape. Once the last row is laid, all that remains is to remove the tape, which will allow you to get a neat surface.
In closing
The heat capacity of brick exceeds the heat capacity of metal several times. This suggests that a brick oven will retain heat longer than a steel one. Today you can hear the opinion that metal furnaces have a higher coefficientuseful action. But practice shows that brick stoves with a multi-channel chimney system consume fuel more economically and continue to give off heat for a long time, when the firewood in the stove has already burned out.
