This article will consider water heating for private homes. You can equip it in various ways, there are quite a lot of schemes and designs. Moreover, you can install radiators and a floor heating system - this will provide maximum comfort in the house. But there is one caveat - a warm floor is best done at the construction stage. If the installation is carried out during the repair process, it will be necessary to tear off the entire floor covering and install a new one. But let's talk in more detail about all the features.
What do you need for a water system?
Water is the most popular heat transfer medium and is used in all heating (and sometimes cooling) systems. A fairly high heat capacity allows you to give and receive heat as efficiently as possible. Liquid systems have been used in private homes for quite some time.
Principlefunctioning has not changed over several decades, only the devices and materials that are used in systems have improved. What is required for the normal functioning of the system:
- A power plant is a stove or boiler that can run on gas, electricity or any other fuel (peat, wood, coal, diesel fuel).
- Pipes with different cross-sections for constructing a coolant circulation scheme. If earlier only metal pipes were used, today metal-plastic and plastic pipes have gained wide popularity.
- Radiators for better heating of rooms.
- Different designs of valves - without it, it is almost impossible to create a liquid heating system.
- In order to compensate for excess pressure in the heating system, you need to install an expansion tank.
- Sometimes a circulation pump is used. It helps out in cases where the slope of the pipes is not observed and the liquid circulates slowly through them.
This is equipment that is commonly used in the heating systems of modern homes. But be sure to familiarize yourself with how to connect all the components.
Connection of radiators
You can find a lot of options for connecting batteries to the heating system. But in fact, if you look closely, you can find that only three schemes are used during installation:
- Single pipe.
- Two-pipe.
- Using manifolds.
There is also a division according to the type of coolant supply (in our case it is water) - forced and natural circulation. Natural occurs due to the fact that the temperature of the liquid changes.
Under the influence of a slight slope and convection, hot water tends to rise up, and cold water goes down. In the case of forced circulation, the liquid moves due to the pressure created by the pump built into the boiler (or installed next to it).
In addition to connecting radiators, you can also connect floor heating pipes to the heating system. This is a good enough solution for small houses with tile flooring. The heating of the premises will occur as evenly as possible, and comfort will be felt in every corner. Agree, it is much more pleasant to get out of the shower and walk on a warm floor than on a cold one.
What you need to know before installing the system
To independently make liquid heating in a private house, it is recommended to study all possible installation schemes. Of course, this should be done only after you have purchased all the necessary materials and equipment. You can calculate the need for them at the preparation stage - it all depends on what type of radiator connection you will use.
Always purchase radiators, boilers and other equipment only from trusted dealers. And trust only reliable manufacturers - cheap fakes and analogues do not meet all the requirements and in most caseseven pose a danger. Of course, you can easily make a water heating system at home from analogues, but the service life of the entire structure will not be very long.
Single-pipe heating system
One-pipe system is the simplest one that can be implemented in a private house. One pipe is laid along the perimeter of the house, it goes from the boiler supply pipe to the return pipe. It is from this pipe that conclusions are drawn for connecting heating batteries. They are connected using shut-off valves or directly, without using one. This design is considered not only the simplest, but also the cheapest - because it includes the minimum number of elements. In addition, the installation of the system is relatively cheap.
Since only one pipe is used, there is no need to make a large number of bends, and a few various little things will be spent. Please note that fittings are an element that makes up a significant part of the cost of the entire system. It is more expensive than all other components. The use of the simplest one-pipe system is justified in small houses where the layout is not difficult.
But the liquid flows through the ring of pipes and has time to cool significantly. It is for this reason that the batteries located at the very end warm up less than the first ones. This is the main disadvantage of water heating at home with one pipe. If the house is large, then at the end the water will be barely warm, heating will not be able to carry out. But in the nextthe temperature in the rooms near the boiler will be quite high. This is especially noticeable in cases where there is a natural circulation of the liquid.
Features of manufacturing a single-pipe system
When making a one-pipe heating system, carefully study the pipe laying pattern. Be sure to have a slope of about 3-5 degrees. Only in this case it is possible to ensure the maximum performance of the entire system. Be sure to install air valves on radiators. They are necessary in order to maintain a stable pressure in the system. With their help, excess air is bled from the heating system. In the design of such taps there are small holes in which the jets are built. They are unscrewed with a screwdriver, and air is released.
If there is a need to replace the battery, you can not get rid of the water in the system. And there is no need to turn off the heating system. If you use Mayevsky cranes that connect batteries and pipes, it will be possible to replace components quickly enough. The taps are closed, after which new batteries are installed. The liquid does not flow out of the system. When using a furnace with a water circuit for heating a house, there is no need to disconnect it from the system - all work is carried out without such manipulations.
Two-pipe heating system
If we compare this system with the previous one, we can see that it assumes the presence of two pipes - return and supply. This design is very complex in the device. The supply pipe is connected directly to the inputs of the radiators. And the battery outputs are connected to the return line. Such a scheme is called parallel. All radiators are connected to pipes and a boiler according to this scheme. This is the main difference from the construction discussed above. In the manufacture, it is necessary to use special designs of furnaces for houses with water heating. They are somewhat different from solid fuel.
In the manufacture of a two-pipe system, it is necessary to use more pipes and fittings, which is why it is much more expensive. But the efficiency of the system is higher, since the batteries are evenly heated, no matter how far they are located from the boiler. This type of wiring is most often used in cottages and low-rise private houses.
Two-pipe operation
It is considered a huge advantage that all radiators work independently of each other. Each has its own separate circuit. In this case, repairs and upgrades become much easier. Any battery can be replaced or repaired without affecting the rest of the structure.
It is thanks to the parallel connection that it is possible to adjust the pressure and temperature in each radiator. Therefore, it is possible to significantly save on gas or any other fuel on which the furnace operates. With water heating, it will be possible to provide maximum heating of the premises.
In the manufacture of a two-pipe system, it is recommended to install a pump - with itshelp to achieve the most efficient circulation of the coolant. The batteries will warm up much faster, and the overall efficiency of the entire system will increase.
Collector heating system
The most complex type of wiring is the collector. A large number of different devices are used to distribute the coolant. It is these distribution devices that are called collectors. When installing such a system with forced circulation in a one-story house, boiling water will pass from the boiler to the collectors, they are distribution devices. It is with their help that the hot coolant is evenly distributed to the batteries. But, since it is rather difficult to make water heating of this type, it is practically not used in practice.
One battery is connected to the manifold with two pipes. The efficiency of the design is very high, but the cost, one might say, is sky-high. It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that it is possible to make adjustments not only in a separate circuit, but also in each battery. This allows for maximum comfort in every room. Not everyone can make water heating at home with their own hands according to this scheme - it is recommended to resort to the help of specialists. After all, one wrong stroke - the system will not be able to function correctly. And all the money will be thrown away.
Pump for fluid circulation
Such a system must be equipped with a pump for forced circulation of the coolant. The reason is that the liquid cannot naturally enter thecollector and go into each battery. The system has a very large number of pipes, so the liquid itself cannot circulate through them. The circuit has a circulation pump that crashes into the return line. It is used to pump water. This is how a heating system with a water circuit functions.
Pressure appears in the system, it is enough for the coolant to enter all pipes and batteries. The heating of all elements will be as uniform as possible. In the event that an expensive wall-mounted boiler is used, most likely, a circulation pump is already built into it. And it is already set to ensure normal pressure in the heating system. If a simple boiler without a pump is used, it is recommended to consult with experts about the compatibility of the equipment. Otherwise, an emergency may occur.
Where to use the collector system?
Collector systems are used exclusively in one-story houses. Use in two-story buildings is unreasonable, since the whole structure is quite bulky and the wiring will be difficult. Far from every specialist will be able to design such a system correctly and without flaws. For this reason, the collector structure is in demand only in the manufacture of water heating systems in one-story houses.
In order to independently make a collector system in your home, you need to purchase all the necessary consumables. ATin particular, a certain number of shut-off valves and thermostats will be required. When installing such devices, you can achieve the most effective regulation of heat in the house. Moreover, this will be carried out in a semi-automatic mode - you do not participate in this process.
In conclusion
If you look at all of the above, you can see that it is quite simple to make water heating with your own hands. Please note that the choice of one of the three wirings must be made deliberately. It depends on how the whole system will work in the future. If you have a small one-story house, it will be easier and cheaper to lay one pipe. This scheme is called "Leningrad". But if the house has a large area, or it has more than one floor, it is recommended to use a two-pipe design.
But if you have a small house, it is one-story, and you have "extra" money and a desire to do something out of the ordinary, you can build a modern collector system. It has the highest reliability and efficiency. If everything is done correctly, of course. Only on condition that the installation is carried out correctly, such a water heating system in a private house can function as efficiently as possible.
