In country houses today, in most cases, plastic sealed windows and doors are installed. And therefore, when drafting a private residential building, it is imperative to provide for a ventilation system.
One of the most important components of engineering communications of this variety are ventilation ducts. It is through them that air enters the premises of the building and is removed from them. The sizes of ventilation ducts laid in a country house are different. The section of such communications is chosen taking into account many various factors.
Design of ventilation ducts
Laying air ducts in a country building, of course, should be done correctly. Otherwise, the owners of the house can expect such, for example, troubles as the appearance of a musty smell in the rooms, drafts, etc. Among other things, when designing a building, one should decide on the material for the manufacture of ventilation ducts and their cross section.
Main varieties
Most often, ventilation ducts are installed in suburban private houses:
- brick;
- plastic.
The first type of air ducts is mounted in brick buildings. Such ventilation ducts pass directly inside the walls. The advantages of such communications include long service life and reliability.
Plastic ventilation ducts can be installed in buildings built from any material. The main advantages of this type of air duct are low cost and ease of installation.
Design of brick ventilation ducts
Equip such communications at the stage of building construction. When designing mines of this variety, you should decide on:
- the size of ventilation ducts, and in particular, with their cross section and masonry thickness;
- channeling site.
When installing such systems, of course, adhere to the norms of SNiP.
What should be the dimensions of brick ventilation ducts
According to the rules, the cross section of such communications should not be less than 140x140 mm, which is approximately 1.5 bricks. The optimal size of the ventilation shaft is determined taking into account the power of the heating boiler. If this figure for the heating unit does not exceed 3.5 kW, a ventilation shaft is usually equipped in the house with a section of 14x14 cm.
With a boiler power of 3.5 to 5.2 kW, the building is designed in such a way that the size of the shaft passing through the wall is at least 14x20 cm. If the house has heating equipment with a power of more than 5.2 kW, the dimensions of the ventilation ducts should beequal to 14x20 cm.
It is imperative to follow these rules when designing and installing ventilation ducts. Otherwise, later condensate will begin to accumulate inside the mines.
Masonry thickness
According to the norms of SNiP, the distance between the shafts of different communications in the house should not be less than 250 mm. That is, the laying in the building must be carried out in such a way that a partition of at least 1 brick is formed between such channels.
The dimensions of brick ventilation ducts in suburban buildings can be different. But the partitions directly between the air ducts of the ventilation shaft itself, according to the rules, must have a minimum thickness of 140 mm, that is, half a brick.
The child channel from the main one in such systems should be no further than 1 m away. Such communications are supposed to be placed at a distance of at least 40 cm from windows and doors. Also, according to the norms of SNiP, it is allowed to lay ventilation ducts only in walls with a thickness of at least 100 mm.
Dimensions of plastic ventilation ducts
Such air ducts are installed in buildings after their erection. They can be round or square in cross section. Moreover, each of these varieties can be simple or corrugated.
Currently, round plastic air ducts are most often laid in private houses. The dimensions of the ventilation ducts according to GOST (section) of this variety are as follows:
- 100mm;
- 125mm;
- 150mm;
- 200 mm.
At the same time on salemost often you can find round air ducts with a cross section of 10, 15 or 20 cm. The dimensions of standard rectangular plastic ventilation ducts can be as follows:
- 11x5.5 cm;
- 12x6 cm;
- 20.4x6 cm.
The maximum length of such products in both of these cases is 2 m.
How to choose the right plastic duct diameter
The section of ventilation ducts of this variety is chosen taking into account, first of all, where they will be located. According to the regulations, in residential buildings, 5.4 cm2 of the air duct section should fall on 1 m2 of the area of the room. That is, for example, in a room with a size of 25 m2 a plastic ventilation duct must be mounted at least 135 mm. Since standard pipes of this diameter are not available, in this case you will have to use 200 mm air ducts.
Brick shaft device
The dimensions of brick ventilation ducts depend, therefore, primarily on the power of the heating equipment used in the house. The main part of such communications is an opening inside the wall of the house, which is an integral part of it and has a vertical orientation.
If the wall has a thickness of 38 cm, such communications are laid in it in one row. If this figure is 64 cm - in two rows. Brick ventilation shafts are usually located on the inside of the building's load-bearing wall.
According to the regulations, to build such communicationsrelies on solid bricks. In some cases, the use of hollow or facing is also allowed. It is not allowed to lay out ventilation shafts only from sand-lime bricks.
Air through such channels can move naturally or forced. In the latter case, fans or an air handling unit are responsible for its circulation through the mines.
Features of installation of brick shafts
Ventilation ducts of this variety are erected in most cases using double masonry technology with a vertical square stroke. Produce the construction of brick mines in this case as follows:
- perform markup using a template;
- spread 2-3 rows of mine;
- buoys are installed along the plumb line - bricks laid across;
- spread 5-6 more rows;
- rearrange the buoys.
Brick ventilation ducts can be laid using single-row or multi-row seam dressing technology. In order to exclude the possibility of penetration of combustion products into the interior of the house, the method of laying stones back to back is also used during the construction of shafts.
Branches in the premises from the main brick shafts when arranging such ventilation systems are made using plastic pipes. All such sleeves are first combined into one line and only then they are brought in and joined to the ventilation duct. According to the regulations, all transitions to the pipe system from the main shaftmust be sealed.
Installation of plastic ventilation ducts
The sizes of ventilation ducts for private houses of this type are different. But such designs can differ not only in diameter or sectional shape, but also in the type of material used for the manufacture. In private houses it is allowed to install ventilation ducts:
- polyethylene;
- polyvinyl chloride;
- polypropylene.
The advantage of the first type of air ducts is flexibility and wear resistance. The advantage of PVC structures is primarily resistance to high temperatures and UV radiation. The main advantage of polypropylene ventilation ducts is chemical inertness.
Mounting Features
The required dimensions of plastic ventilation ducts are usually selected by engineers. Lay such communications in private homes most often also in accordance with the project developed by a specialist. The owners of suburban residential buildings usually do not choose the place of installation of air ducts on their own. Mistakes in the design of the ventilation system of a private house can lead to such troubles as, for example, smells from the toilet in the kitchen or living quarters, a significant increase in heating costs, and inefficient ventilation of rooms.
Since plastic air ducts are usually short, they have to be connected during installation. For this purpose, special couplings, tees, angles and adapters are used. These elements are also made of plastic. The ventilation ducts of this variety are mounted on clamps.
If drywall or plywood was used to finish the walls in a country house, plastic ventilation ducts are usually pulled behind this decorative sheathing. In wooden structures and buildings with plastered or wallpapered walls, such structures are usually pulled in an open way. Subsequently, the pipes, so that they do not spoil the appearance of the premises, are closed with special decorative boxes.
Installation steps
What sizes of plastic ventilation ducts can be installed in private homes, we thus found out. The technology for laying such air ducts is selected depending on which ventilation system is supposed to be equipped in a country house. For the most complex variety of such communications - supply and exhaust, the installation technique will look something like this:
- an inlet hole is made in the wall of the building, and an exhaust hole in the slope of its roof;
- a branch pipe is inserted into the inlet, to which the brothel line is connected;
- the line is connected to the supply and exhaust unit, usually mounted in the attic;
- a distributing supply line is connected to another branch pipe of the installation;
- mounted sleeves to supply fresh air to the premises;
- the exhaust part of the system is assembled approximately according to the same principle.
On segments of the required length of plastic air ductscut directly on the spot. Various kinds of fittings usually come in combination with the ventilation ducts themselves. In addition to couplings, sections of plastic air ducts during the installation of a building ventilation system can be connected by welding. The fastening of such ventilation ducts to the building structures is usually carried out using one clamp per one solid section.
