The construction sector is characterized by sufficiently strict legislative regulation. There are a large number of norms and standards developed by government agencies and mandatory for the developer. However, in a market economy, following them alone may not be enough in terms of building an effective business model for a construction company. The company should pay great attention to its own monitoring of the quality of work performed, in addition to those requirements that are prescribed at the legislative level. What is the specificity of this area of activity of developers? What can be the key criteria for assessing the quality of work in construction?
The essence of quality control systems in construction
Let's first study the specifics of terminology within the framework of the topic in question. Organization of a quality control system for works in construction is an activity aimed at ensuring that the activities of the developer and its partners comply with the technical,economic and other norms adopted in the legislation or defined at the level of civil legal relations.
The quality of construction objects is usually understood as a list of their properties, determined on the basis of the intended purpose of the erected buildings or structures. In addition, the quality of construction can be assessed based on the provisions of normative sources of law, such as GOSTs. Where applicable, foreign standards may also be considered.
Classification of quality levels of construction objects
It is customary to distinguish several levels of quality of construction infrastructure facilities. Consider them.
First of all, this is the normative level. Here, construction control is carried out based on the compliance of the object's parameters with the standards of GOSTs, TUs and others that apply in the segment of economic activity to which the work of the developer and its results are related.
Second, this is the actual level. It allows you to evaluate the quality of work in construction based on the available measurements on the fact that the developer erected a building or structure under the contract. As a rule, the actual level depends on the extent to which the developer met the criteria determined based on the provisions of regulatory sources.
Thirdly, they distinguish the so-called operational quality level of construction projects. It involves evaluation from a consumer point of view. Its setting can be largely predetermined by the compliance of the quality of the building object with regulatory criteria, but a subjective approach is also quite possible. As a rule, only normative indicators are fixed in the contract between the developer and the customer. Therefore, a potentially low assessment of the performance of the former based on the performance of the building or structure, as a rule, has no legal consequences. But it can, of course, affect the prospects for concluding new contracts between the customer and the developer.
Comprehensive approach as a criterion for business performance
In modern companies, quality control systems in construction, as a rule, take into account the criteria at all 3 levels of evaluating the results of the company. What does it mean?
First of all, the fact that those divisions of the developer company that are responsible for the quality of the buildings and structures being built, set themselves the task of ensuring the maximum compliance of the actual results of work with both regulatory requirements and customer expectations.
Increased attention is also paid to the preliminary elaboration of the terms of the company's contracts with partners for the desired quality criteria and methods for evaluating the results of the developer's work. As a rule, both parties are interested in this. The customer - in terms of obtaining a building object that meets all the desired quality criteria. The developer - in terms of strengthening positive relationships with a partner and the possibility of concluding new contracts with him.
Building supervision
Monitoring the quality of developer performance can be done through activities such as supervision ofconstruction. What is its essence?
Technical supervision in construction is carried out by competent organizations that carry out actions aimed at identifying the compliance of certain stages of the developer's work with regulatory requirements and other established criteria. In a number of cases, the activity in question may be associated with an assessment of not only the quality of the product - at one stage or another of its production, but also with determining the degree of suitability of materials used in construction, assessing the level of qualification of the developer's employees. It all depends on what wording will include the regulation on the quality control system in construction - the main internal corporate document that sets out the criteria for evaluating the results of the developer's work, as well as methods for their analysis.
But, as a rule, the most typical functions of supervisory structures are in determining the conformity of the finished building or in assessing the intermediate results of the developer's work based on regulatory requirements. The activities of the relevant organizations can be quite time-consuming already at the very beginning of interaction with a construction company. Thus, technical supervision can get involved in the work on the object already at the design stage. Specialists of the relevant institutions can take part in the development of documents related to design and estimate, to the scheduling of construction work. At the same time, many experts consider this stage to be one of the key ones, since, as we noted above,the actual level of quality of the results of the developer's work is largely determined by the company's compliance with the standards. Which are largely fixed in design estimates.
Thus, the functioning of the quality control system begins already at the time of drawing up the documents used in construction. The extent to which these sources will be worked out in detail largely determines the final result of the developer's work.
Regulatory documents for assessing quality in construction
Since the regulatory aspect in building control is one of the key ones, it will be useful to study the specifics of the documents in which the standards that are taken to assess quality are fixed. It is customary to refer to sources of the appropriate type as GOSTs, building codes, the actual design and estimate documentation, instructions, industry standards. As a rule, one or another source has a connection with others - at the level of the subject of regulation or interdependent provisions. It is important that the norms that are recorded in sources adopted at the departmental or industry level do not contradict those reflected in federal legal acts.
What is the practical significance of normative sources?
to business, but important in terms ofpositioning the developer in the community.
The documents in question contribute to the solution of such tasks by the participants of the construction market as:
- ensuring that the results of the work correspond to the goals that were originally set;
- stimulation of socially responsible construction in the city, region, in some cases - at the federal level;
- creating a high level of reputation of the developer in the business community, in the field of interaction of the company with government agencies, private individuals;
- assistance to the developer in increasing the level of environmental friendliness of the work performed, in the technological modernization of activities;
- stimulating the improvement of quality control systems for construction projects in specific enterprises, in the business environment as a whole.
Objects of normalization in the sources of standards and rules
The main objects of regulation in construction documentation are considered to be:
- organizational, technological, methodological rules and standards that are necessary for the developer to carry out work;
- specific types of buildings and structures erected by construction companies;
- building materials and other types of industrial products used by developers in the process of work;
- socio-economic standards that determine the cost of construction, the investment attractiveness of the developer's field of activity, the prospects for employment of citizens at a particular enterprise or industry inoverall.
Let's consider in more detail the essence of those sources that are used in assessing the quality of construction work.
Regulatory documents in building control: classification
The documents in question fall into the following main categories:
- federal sources of law;
- regional legal acts;
- territorial legal acts;
- industry and local regulatory sources.
Quality control systems in construction, organized by modern businesses, involve a consistent review of all types of these documents - each of them can be important in terms of effectively assessing the results of the developer. Let's study the features of each type of norm sources in more detail.
Federal sources of regulations
As for federal sources of law, these include primarily GOSTs and SNiPs. As for state standards, they fix mandatory or recommended provisions that determine the parameters and properties of certain elements of buildings, building materials and are designed to provide a unified approach for real estate market participants to ensure the quality of work performed. SNiPs define the requirements for construction firms to consider the work carried out during the execution of contracts, as well as key principles that developers should be guided by.
Another kind of federal sources of norms, the observance of which is required by the organization of a system for monitoring the quality of work in construction - sets of rules. Their specificity lies in the fact that they mainly fix the recommended provisions for developers to follow the norms and standards.
Demanded sources, whose jurisdiction extends to the entire territory of the Russian Federation, are also guiding documents. They fix both mandatory and recommended norms governing the application of certain rules and standards.
Regional legal acts
Implementation of construction control is also taking into account the provisions of regional legal acts. The main type of sources of law related to the category under consideration is territorial norms in the field of construction. They contain provisions that are mandatory for use by firms operating in a particular subject of the Russian Federation. Territorial norms can take into account the peculiarities of the geographical location of construction sites, socio-economic, climatic characteristics of the region, and therefore they are important for the quality control system in construction.
Sectoral and local sources of norms
Industry and local sources - another type of document that is significant for the developer. These include, in particular, the standards of enterprises and public associations. They establish requirements for specific areas of production: for example, they regulate how the quality control system for electrical work in construction should work. Must not contradictfederal and state regulations.
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Thus, construction documentation can include both mandatory and recommended rules and regulations. Following them is the most important criterion for building an effective business by a company.
Quality control systems in construction organized by developers, as a rule, involve a sufficiently detailed analysis of the provisions of industry and local sources of standards, since they often affect how high the assessment of the quality of the company's work at the operational level, which determines in many respects how much the company's services will be in demand on the market.
