What resident of a modern metropolis does not dream of a vacation outside the city? Away from the bustle of the city, noise and smog. It's so great to relax in the garden with a summer house in which you can hide from the rain. Just the same, an excellent option for the realization of such desires would be the acquisition of a plot in some kind of dacha partnership. But just a plot is not yet a solution to the problem. As mentioned above, some kind of shelter from the weather or the scorching sun on this site will be required, and for this we will build a small, but at the same time comfortable country house.
Design of the future building
First you need to choose the best place on the site for construction. Next, you should decide on the size of the future house and the layout of its premises. The dimensions are usually determined based on the size of the plot, the number of family members and, which is also important, on the financial capabilities of the developer. However, if a simple summer house is being designed, and not a country house, it makes no sense to build it very large and with many rooms. It will be enough 4 by 6 meters or 5 by 6. The same with the second floor. There is no need to make it capital. It will be enough to arrangeattic. There is one more nuance of planning: in many country associations there is a set of rules for the location of buildings. Therefore, before designing, it is imperative that you familiarize yourself with these rules and requirements.
Building material
So, the site has been planned, the project for the future construction has been developed, now you need to decide on the materials from which you can build an inexpensive summer house for a summer residence. Fortunately, there are plenty to choose from now. Here and classic brick or logs, and wooden beams. You can also opt for more modern materials, such as foam or aerated concrete blocks. And if there is clay nearby, then you can make the building material yourself, namely, to make brick - raw or, as it is called adobe. In general, materials - for every taste and budget, but the most popular way of building among summer residents is a wooden summer frame house. Such a house is being built quite quickly and at minimal cost. We will consider it in the future, and now we will move on to the first stage of construction - laying the foundation.
Foundation
Since the wooden frame method is most often used to build a summer house for a summer residence, there is no need to lay large and costly foundations. For example, concrete monolithic will be completely unnecessary. And the strip foundation is also not always appropriate. Unless, according to the project, a cellar or a small basement is planned under the building. The best solution would be a columnar foundation. With it, you can not onlyto make a solid foundation for the house, but also to exclude the contact of the latter with the ground, lifting the entire building above the ground to a certain height. Yes, and in terms of cost and time-consuming, the columnar foundation compares favorably with all the others. Pillar foundations are concrete, block, brick and even wooden. The simplest and most reliable option is a brick columnar foundation. For it, markings are made on the ground, in accordance with which holes of the required depth are dug. A sand cushion is poured at the bottom of the pit, on which a layer of concrete is poured. After it solidifies, brick supports are laid out on top, on which, in fact, the entire building will be located. So, the foundation is ready. The next step will be the erection of walls.
Building a summer garden house
You should immediately pay attention to the fact that all wooden parts of the house are pre-impregnated with flame retardants and antiseptics for fire resistance, as well as protection from fungi and insects. Construction begins with the assembly and installation of the lower frame on the foundation, or, as it is also called, the lower coronal trim. On this frame, the floor will be laid in the future. The next step will be the mounting of the support beams of the frame, which is carried out on the coronal bars along the perimeter of the foundation. The bars are fixed with the help of corners; for greater reliability, metal brackets can be added. Next, proceed to the installation of wall frames. If the number of assistants allows, you can assemble the frames in advance, andthen lift and install. If the summer house is being built with a minimum number of assistants, then it would be advisable to assemble the frame directly in its future place. The frame is attached to the lower harness with the help of powerful corners. It will also be better to use self-tapping screws instead of nails. So the fastening is more reliable. Corner posts for greater rigidity of the structure must be strengthened with diagonal struts. After the erection and strengthening of the wall frame, the stage of assembling the upper trim begins. When the frame work is completed, the outer wall cladding is done. These can be ordinary boards, wooden lining, etc. Next, we proceed to the installation stage of the attic floor and roof truss system.
Building the roof
Before proceeding with the construction of the roof, first, floor beams are installed on the upper wall trim. In the future, attic floors and ceilings will be mounted on them. After the beams, the truss system is mounted. It is of two types - hanging and layered. With a hanging system, the rafters rest solely on the outer walls and do not have any other supports. This option is more suitable for a small summer house. If the building has impressive dimensions, as well as capital internal walls resting directly on the foundation, it would be more appropriate to use a layered rafter system. In this case, in addition to the main emphasis on the outer walls, the rafters have additional emphasis on the main internal walls.
There are three main ways to install rafters. In the first case, the rafter pairs in their upper part are fastened together with a ridge overlay, and below they are attached to the upper harness. In the second case, the extreme rafter pairs are mounted on the ground, then they rise up, are installed on the front and rear pediments, are fixed at the bottom to the strapping, and at the top on the ridge beam, and then continue to lay the rest of the rafters. Well, in the third case, middle racks are installed along the gables, fastened with a ridge beam, and then the rest of the rafters are installed. After the laying of the rafters is completed, they are covered with a vapor barrier film on top, a crate is laid on top of the film, on which the main roofing material is laid. It can be slate, metal tile, ondulin, metal profile, etc.
Insulation
Regarding the insulation of the house: many consider it superfluous, since the house is a summer house, and they plan to stay in it only during the warm season. Nevertheless, if there is a desire, then the cottage can be made suitable for living in the autumn-spring or even in the winter periods. To do this, you can provide a small stove in it, as well as insulate the walls, roof and floor. For this purpose, it is better to take mineral wool, with which the walls are insulated from the inside, and a vapor barrier film is laid on top, after which the inner wall cladding is already made. The roof can be insulated from the inside of the roof, thus getting a warm attic, or from the side of the ceiling, and on top of the insulation, as well as on the walls, put a vapor barrier and only then mountceiling covering. The floor is insulated during its installation, this process will be discussed in the appropriate section.
Windows and doors
Even when assembling the wall frame, openings for windows and doors are left. Window frames and door frames are installed in these openings. In order to pre-fix their position, use spacers of their wooden slats or bars. Next, the frames and door frames are fixed with metal strips and self-tapping screws, and the free space is filled with mounting foam, which, after drying, will provide additional fixation of the structure, and the remaining foam is simply cut off with a knife. So, the walls of the summer house are ready, the roof is also built, the windows and doors are installed, now you can start installing and insulating the flooring.
Installation of the floor and its insulation
First, the so-called cranial bars are attached to the bearing beams for the primary flooring using self-tapping screws. Cross boards are already laid on them. A vapor barrier film is laid on the finished draft floor. A heat-insulating layer is placed on top of the film, for which either a layer of fine expanded clay or special ecowool is taken - the appearance of rodents is excluded in such materials. A layer of vapor barrier is again laid out on the insulation, and the main floor is already laid on top of the entire structure. It can be thick plywood or boards. That's it for flooring installation.
External and internalfinishing
So, the house is built, insulated, there are little things left, namely, internal and external decoration. Outside, the country house can be painted with paint resistant to the influence of the external environment or upholstered with clapboard. From the inside, you can also upholster the walls with wooden clapboard. And you can finish it with drywall, and then putty and paint it with water-based paint or paste it with wallpaper. It all depends on the flight of the owner's imagination. There is nothing difficult in building a summer house with your own hands, especially if a person who is at least a little familiar with construction work takes up the matter. And, of course, no one can do this task alone. Helpers will be needed. And the more, the better.
