The foundation is the part of the building that undergoes the greatest load. The durability of the building depends on the reliability of this component of any structure. When destructive processes begin, this causes the deformation of the remaining elements. Therefore, increased requirements are imposed on the waterproofing of the base. This is true for private houses, since almost every owner of such a building uses a basement or basement.
Such work should be carried out comprehensively, protecting the entire structure from moisture. Water affects the foundation in different ways, often negative factors are activated simultaneously. These could be:
- rainfall;
- groundwater;
- river overflow;
- melting snow.
Some believe that in some cases the waterproofing of the foundation may not be carried out. This belief is short-sighted, since the house is built for decades, and after a while, construction may begin nearby, whichwill lead to ground movements affecting the location of underground water layers. Even if a highway is laid nearby, it may have an impact.
There are many other reasons that could lead to a change in the configuration and level of water in the soil. During the year, the depth of the water will change, the climate is also not stable. If you are still undecided about whether to waterproof the basement of your house, then keep in mind that repairing the foundation will cost significantly more compared to building a house box. Before starting work, you should familiarize yourself with the main types of waterproofing material, as well as their characteristics.
Horizontal insulation
If we are talking about a monolithic strip foundation, then horizontal waterproofing must be placed in two places, namely in the basement, at the junction of the wall with the foundation, and also at or below 20 cm of the basement floor level. This technology can be implemented only at the stage of building a house.
Before starting manipulations, greasy clay is poured into the bottom of the pit, the layer thickness of which is 30 cm, it should be well tamped, and a 7-cm layer of concrete should be poured on top. It is necessary for the arrangement of waterproofing. Before laying, the mortar must dry and settle for 15 days. Further, its surface is coated with bituminous mastic over the entire area, and a layer of roofing material is laid on its surface.
The next step will be surface treatment with mastic andlaying another layer of roofing material. From above, a 7-cm layer of concrete should be poured, which is leveled and ironed.
Horizontal waterproofing must necessarily include concrete ironing, as this stage refers to measures that provide waterproofing. After 3 hours, a 2-centimeter layer of cement should be poured on top of the concrete, which is sifted through a sieve. The surface is leveled, after a while the cement should get wet from the moisture contained in the solution. With the resulting base, you should proceed according to the same technology that is used in the arrangement of a conventional screed. From time to time, its surface is moistened with water until the concrete reaches its design strength and dries.
For reference
All of the above materials for waterproofing the foundation will become an effective protection of the base, which, after drying, must be covered with bituminous mastic, laying roofing felt or any other similar material on top. This procedure must be repeated twice in order to form two layers. The edges of the material that hang from the base should not be cut, they are wound down and pressed in the form of a vertical waterproofing.
Vertical insulation
When choosing materials for foundation waterproofing, you should first of all think about what technology you will use. If we are talking about vertical waterproofing, then bituminous materials can be used. In this case, the master will have to resort to coatingmethod using bituminous resin. Most often it is purchased in bars. To carry out work, it is necessary to prepare a large container into which 30% of used oil is poured. 70% bitumen should be added to it.
The container is heated up, for which it blows under it to build a fire or place a barrel on a gas stove. Once a liquid mixture is formed inside, vertical waterproofing can be carried out, which involves applying the composition to the surface. The latter must first be leveled. It is necessary to use a brush or roller during the work, with the help of one of which the bitumen is applied to the surface. In this case, you should try to miss all the joints and corners. It is necessary to start from the sole of the base, ending the manipulations 20 cm above the ground. It will be necessary to form about three layers of bitumen so that the total thickness of the material is approximately 5 cm.
Nuances of bituminous waterproofing
Bituminous waterproofing of the foundation is carried out only with the use of a hot composition, so you need to make sure that the mixture does not freeze. After standing for 5 years, the surface will begin to crack and collapse, this will cause water to penetrate into the concrete. To extend the service life of coating waterproofing, it is necessary to use bitumen-polymer mastics, which almost do not have the disadvantages of pure bitumen, since they are durable. On the building materials market, you can find cold and hot applied mastics, as well as polymer solutions, the latest ofwhich may have a liquid or solid consistency. Apply these materials for waterproofing the foundation, following the instructions, which may involve the use of a sprayer, spatula or roller.
Roll media
Roll materials can be used as a separate layer of waterproofing or in tandem with coating compositions. Roofing felt is considered a popular and cheap material for gluing insulation; it is fixed on the surface of the foundation, which is pre-treated with mastic or bituminous primer. At the next stage, the roofing material is heated by a burner and strengthened to a vertical surface with an overlap of 20 cm.
This technology is called fused. There is a technique that involves fixing the roofing material with adhesive mastics. Speaking of the above, the resulting layer must be covered with bituminous mastic and another layer of roofing material laid.
Recommendations from a specialist for waterproofing with a pasting method
If you decide to use rolled materials for waterproofing the foundation, then before fusing the roofing material, the edges should be wrapped down and strengthened rolled materials. Instead of roofing felt, it is permissible to use modern materials such as Stekloizol or Technoelast. Polyester is used as their polymer base, which improves the quality of elasticity and wear resistance. Although the price is higher thanroofing felt, these materials are recommended by experts for foundation insulation. However, they will not be able to ensure the strength of the coating without the additional use of mastic, since they do not have the ability to penetrate into the pores.
Plaster insulation
This method is quite simple and performs the function of waterproofing the base, leveling the surface. It is necessary to add hydro-resistant components to the ingredients of the plaster mixture, which, after mixing, are applied with a spatula. In order to ensure that the composition is held on the foundation, the putty mesh should be strengthened to it with dowels.
Stucco waterproofing has the advantages of low cost and high speed of work. However, there are also disadvantages, expressed in low water resistance, fragility and the possibility of cracks.
For reference
Recently, polymer concrete has become more and more popular, the use of which is common in modern construction. They are a modern kind of concrete mixture, in the manufacture of which a polymer is used instead of cement or silicate. Initially, the material is in the form of a viscous liquid called synthetic resin. When forming a polymer concrete foundation, a structure is obtained that is resistant to moisture and provides for the creation of the simplest waterproofing system.
Choosing waterproofing by manufacturer
"Isoplast", the price of which is 150 rubles. behindsquare meter, is a durable, reliable and high-quality material that is used for waterproofing the foundations of buildings for various purposes. It is made on two bases: fiberglass and polyester, and slate dressing is used as a protective top layer.
Laying of this material is carried out on a pre-prepared base by welding. This will require a gas burner. Gluing can also be carried out on bituminous mastic. "Isoplast", the price of which depends on the variety and can reach 180 rubles. per square meter, heat resistant at +120° for 2 hours.
Technoelast characteristics
"Technoelast TechnoNIKOL" is another type of waterproofing for the foundation. It is a welded material of increased reliability. It can be used at constant groundwater pressure and low temperatures. According to the manufacturer, Technoelast TechnoNIKOL can be used in conditions that are unlikely to be able to withstand other materials. This insulation is made by applying a bitumen-polymer binder to a polyester or fiberglass base. Laying "Technoelast" is carried out using a propane burner.
Conclusion
Aquaizol mastic can be used by you as foundation insulation. It is a bituminous composition, which is consumed in the amount of 0.45 kg/m2. It suggests the need for a manual method of applying a cold composition. Formed thicknesslayer should be 10 mm.
