When constructing any modern building, one of the main factors is the aesthetic appearance. Like nothing else, the type and design of the roof affects the general appearance of the structure. But the functions of the roof are much wider than just decoration. The roof protects the house from moisture penetration and retains heat. There are many types of roofs and truss systems.
Hip roof truss system, very popular among owners of private houses. The scheme according to which roofs of this type are erected allows for high reliability, durability and versatility. These three factors are indicative of a good roof.
Choice of material for the truss system
Before the assembly of the structure begins, it is necessary to pay attention to the quality of the raw materials used, which will be used for the manufacture of the main load-bearing elements, because all the weight load will be concentrated on them. In residential buildings, it is preferable to use wood of the first grade, in sheds, makeshift houses and other outbuildings, the second and third grade will do.
Blanks with defects (knots, cracks) should be put aside for stock or not at alluse.
According to GOST, 3 he althy knots per linear meter are allowed. The presence of small surface cracks is acceptable if their number is small.
Wooden supporting elements must be at least 5 cm thick, maximum length 6.5 m. If the length of the materials is not enough, they can be connected with special grooves or using overlays.
Hip roof features
If the roof project involves the presence of two large trapezoidal slopes and two short ones - this is a hip roof truss system, the drawing will help you better understand all the nuances.
This type of truss structure includes several types of rafters: central, diagonal and corner. Be sure to take into account the climatic features before the construction of the hip roof truss system begins. The scheme should take into account the strength of the winds, atmospheric pressure and the material for sheltering the roof. The height and angles of the roof slopes depend on these factors. For maximum accuracy of calculations, you can use a special program or contact a specialist.
Hip roof benefits
- This type of roof has maximum wind resistance. This effect is achieved due to the lack of gables, the wind slides over the surface.
- Angled rafters rest against the ridge beam and prevent even the slightest deformation.
- Overhangs can be made large to protect walls from precipitation.
- The roof has an attractive appearance and can decorate any building.
Types and features of hip truss systems
Being a type of pitched roofs, hip roofs are divided into several types:
- Tent. Roofs of this type have four equal slopes and are only suitable for square buildings.
- Broken lines. Consist of different slopes at different angles. Installation of such structures is a rather difficult task.
- Half-hip. With this design, the hips do not reach the bottom, but cover only the gables. Thus, small slopes reach half of the structure.
In addition to the standard types of roofs, the design of the truss system may include additional design features:
- Hip roof truss system with attic - allows you to use the attic as a living room. This decision is very important for owners of one-story houses. The attic allows you to increase the functional square meters of the house up to 2 times. When drawing up a structural plan, the location of windows should be taken into account and ensure that this does not affect the overall rigidity of the structure.
- The cuckoo hip roof truss system gives the roof not only a decorative look, but also additional square meters on the attic floor. Often, a window is placed in such a ledge, and this is an additional source of lighting. Work on the creation of such a "cuckoo" should be carried out carefully, especially carefully you need to control the angleslope and depth of cut.
- The hip roof truss system with a bay window involves the use of additions to the main truss structure. A bay window is a projection from a wall in the form of a balcony or extension of a room, often built to improve indoor lighting. If the height of such an extension is equal to the height of the building, this must be taken into account when building a roof. In the form of a bay window, the entrance to the house or the veranda can also act.
Proportions
Measuring rail is an indispensable thing, especially when building a hip roof truss system. The scheme for using such a tool is quite simple, just mark frequently used sizes on the rail.
Having spent 5 minutes to make, you will get rid of the need to measure with a tape measure every time. You can make it from plywood or a rail about 5 cm wide. A measuring rail will help you maintain maximum accuracy and the right proportions.
Production of a hip roof truss system
Before starting the manufacture of the truss frame, it is very important to delve into the main elements and study the features of their installation:
the horse is located strictly in the center of the building;
forming elements are rafters, one end of which is attached to the ridge, and the other goes beyond the boundaries of the building, forming an overhang;
the central frame goes from the ridge and out onto the walls;
intermediate frame also comes from the ridge beam and moves away along the slopes;
short rafters are used in the arrangementadditional elements and roof windows
If you understand well the nuances and intricacies of the process, even with self-construction, you can get a high-quality hip roof truss system. Photos of the finished frame are given in the article.
Markup
The layout of the structure is carried out sequentially and depends on the stages of the work performed:
- First of all, axes are marked from the end of the building along the upper trim.
- Measure half the width of the ridge beam and determine the position of the first part in the truss system.
- The measuring rail is fitted with one end to the marked line, and the other along the wall line.
- To calculate the length of the overhang, one end is installed on the outer corner of the wall, and the other is released onto the overhang. The remaining elements are calculated using a measuring bar with a marked distance for intermediate rafters.
- The same actions are performed on the other corners. This is how the location of the end rafters and the ridge beam is calculated.
Calculation
When a hip roof truss system is planned or being built, calculation and properly drawn up diagrams will be the main factors in a successful project. For self-construction for calculations, you should contact the services of a professional, if this is not possible, then you will have to use a calculator for designing hip truss systems.
When calculating the project, such an indicator as the angle of inclination of the slopes is taken. To calculatethe distance at which intermediate rafters will be fixed, we select one rafter as a reference point. The distance from the reference point to the corner of the house must exactly match its length.
Intermediate rafters are fastened evenly, and hip beams are fastened close to the corner.
Practical calculation
Here is an example of how the dimensions of the component parts are calculated. This should be done before or at the time when the hip roof truss system is planned. The roof scheme is only an example, only an individually created project is suitable for each house.
- The measuring rail measures the horizontal distance of the inclined intermediate rafter. According to the table of roof calculations, we select the optimal angle of inclination and look at the result of the product of the data obtained.
- Measure the length of the rafters from the ridge to the attachment point, taking into account the ledge.
- The length of the overhang is determined by the sum of the correction factor plus the horizontal projection.
The correct angles of the cut of the rafters for fastening to the ridge are also calculated mathematically, the snug fit of the corner to the ridge board is the key to a strong structure.
Calculate the length of the corner rafter:
- The length of the rafter is measured without taking into account the overhang.
- Squaring the projections of ordinary rafters into a square will be a common projection.
- The result is multiplied by the correction factor, and the length of the corner rafter is obtained.
Installation sequence
The beginning of the construction of the truss system begins with the Mauerlat fasteners, and the hip roof truss system is no exception. Mounting features of the Mauerlat are the same for all types of truss systems:
- Mauerlat should be laid closer to the inside of the wall, at least 5 cm from the outer edge.
- The beam itself must be securely attached to the wall of the building.
- Mounted with holes and anchors.
When the Mauerlat is firmly fixed, you can proceed to the process of installing the ridge beam. It is necessary to accurately calculate its height and correctly position it relative to all slopes, this is the key to the durability of the roof as a whole.
After that, we start fixing the racks. They are fastened with jibs under the ridge beam. All these works can be called the initial stage.
After completing the initial stage, we proceed to the implementation of the intermediate stage, when building a hipped roof, we begin with the formation of side slopes. At this stage, it is important to monitor the parallel installation of the sprigs (semi-legs) in the same plane with the slopes. The final stage is the installation of jumpers and preparation for the processes of roofing. These are the main stages by which the hip roof truss system is being built. With your own hands, this type of roof can be erected only with professional drawing up of drawings and calculations.
Strengthening structure
Usually, the hip roof structure is quite reliable and able to withstand heavy loads. But in cases where the roof project involves a slight slope, then the snowthe load will be many times greater than with a steep slope, then it is worth taking care of strengthening the entire structure. Strengthening occurs due to trussed or trussed trusses.
Sprengel is a beam laid on two walls connected at an angle. Such a beam serves as the basis for vertical racks that support the rafters. This method strengthens the lower part of the structure. To reinforce the upper part, truss trusses are used.
Conclusion
The hip roof is suitable for all types of houses, the main difficulties in its construction are the hip roof truss system. Photos and diagrams will help to understand the issue in detail for those who independently perform the installation. The main thing is to understand the technology of the process and the terms used in construction.
You should carefully consider the choice of material. One defective part will sooner or later adversely affect the condition of the truss system.
For the proper functioning of the roof, in addition to installing the frame, it is necessary to produce high-quality insulation, steam, waterproofing and select the right material for the final laying.
