In today's society, it is impossible to imagine a house without electricity, so high-quality wiring is needed in every room. It is best to entrust the production of such work to professional electricians, but it is possible to do the wiring yourself. To do this, you must be well informed in this matter.
Electrical cable layout diagram
Installation of electrical wiring begins with the preparation of the layout of switches, wires, sockets, meters and other devices. By compiling such a project, you will be able to more accurately calculate the amount of material. In the future, it will be easier for you to do the installation of electrical wiring with your own hands in accordance with established standards and GOSTs. It will not be difficult to draw a diagram.
When drawing up a plan, consider the following:
- All elements must be located in an accessible place for the convenience of their further maintenance. Junction boxes must be permanently accessible in case of damage. It is not recommended to install wiring elements inhard-to-reach places.
- Switches should be located in open areas. No need to block cabinets and other interior items. You don't have to stretch or bend to turn on the light. The current GOSTs do not impose serious requirements on the height of the installation, so electricians advise mounting switches at a height of 100 cm from the floor. It will surely add convenience.
- Before installing sockets, it is necessary to think over the location of electrical appliances in advance so as not to cause discomfort when using extension cords in the future. It is forbidden to install sockets closer than 50 cm to metal objects. According to the norms, one socket per 6 m² is needed, of course, more are needed in the kitchen. For your own safety, during installation, you must step back from the floor at least 25 cm.
- The electric cable can be located in the room above or below, while 15 cm is indented from the plinth or ceiling. Lines should be drawn strictly vertically or horizontally. Since external wiring is done in wooden houses, it is necessary to think over the location of the cornices in advance. All ends of the power lines are brought out to the junction box, in which they are interconnected.
After preparing a schematic representation of electrical lines, you can begin to install electrical wiring with your own hands. After considering the smallest details, it's time to start acquiring the necessary material. Do-it-yourself wiring in an apartment will also require you to create a circuit before work.
Material forwiring in a wooden house
In order not to constantly run to the store to buy additional goods necessary for work, you should immediately prepare everything you need. If you have a diagram, this will not be difficult. Do-it-yourself installation of open wiring will require more materials than a closed one. Since the house is built of wood, internal electrical lines must be forgotten. In any case, special attention should be paid to the quality of the material. The cheaper the material, the more likely it is of poor quality.
For work we need:
- Tools with insulated handles to avoid electric shock. You will need screwdrivers, pliers, a hammer and a sharp knife to strip the cable.
- Electrical board. Made from plastic and metal. For a wooden house, a metal shield is needed. The size depends on the number of relays. In residential buildings, shields up to 12 places are mainly used. You must leave 1 empty space if there are any changes to the wiring in the future.
- Electric cable. In order to determine the cable cross-section, you need to know the power of electricity in the house. For a wooden house, VVG 3 x 2.5 is suitable, where 3 is the number of cores in the cable, and 2.5 is its cross section. You need to purchase a three-core cable with a core for grounding. If the power in the house is greater than what is stated on the cable label, a double line must be laid.
- You should not focus on the number of sockets and switches, because in the circuiteverything has been calculated. You need to decide on the color and texture that will suit your interior. For safety reasons, for a wooden house, it is better to use elements with a ceramic base and brass contacts. A variety of types of sockets and switches on the market will not leave indifferent even the most avid designer.
- Do-it-yourself wiring in a private wooden house will require additional investments in cable channels or skirting boards. Undoubtedly, these elements will give the interior more beauty than just hanging wire. In some cases it will be necessary to tuck the cable into a plastic tube. You can also carefully run the cable around the house in the corrugation.
- You will need junction boxes in which wires will be connected using PPE (special clamps). The cable can be twisted and wrapped with electrical tape.
- Counter. It is better to choose with a good accuracy class - from 2, 0 and higher. The electric meter can be single-tariff and two-tariff. The first considers the consumption of electricity is constantly the same, the second calculates according to two tariffs: day and night. In terms of savings, the 2nd type will be more profitable because it will be possible to control electricity depending on the time of day.
- Also for installation you will need self-tapping screws, clips of the desired diameter for the corrugation, additional fasteners.
- Since DIY electrical wiring in a new building will require a large amount of material, everything can be purchased in one place in bulk.
Safety during work
When producing anyconstruction activities must pay special attention to personal safety. Before starting work, take care of the availability of personal protective equipment. It is necessary to work in a helmet and special tight clothing. Installation of electrical wiring is carried out with de-energized lines. If the work will involve electricity, you will need rubber gloves that can prevent electric shock. Installation at height must be carried out with insurance on fully functional stands. Avoid standing on unstable ladders. The issue of safety must be approached with all responsibility.
Do-it-yourself wiring in a wooden house
There are several main stages of work:
- Laying electrical cable lines.
- Installation of junction boxes.
- Installation of sockets and switches.
- Installation of lighting fixtures.
- Connecting the shield.
- Conclusion and installation of the ground loop.
Laying electric cable lines
Do-it-yourself wiring in an apartment can be done in baseboards. This will completely hide the wire from the eyes. It is especially convenient to mount the cable in the plinth under the sockets. Electrical wiring lines are laid in plastic pipes to ensure greater safety. If you need to bring light to the garage, do-it-yourself wiring can be done in a corrugation, since an aesthetic appearance is not particularly needed in this room.
Installation of junction boxes
In places where it is necessary to make a branch from the main electrical line to connect an outlet, a junction box is placed. It should be located where it will be convenient to serve it. Inside the distributor, the cables are interconnected in various ways:
- With PPE. One of the easiest ways. For this type of connection, each wire is stripped 2-3 cm, twisted and PPE is put on them. In the box, the ends are laid so that they do not touch each other.
- Wagami connection. They differ in the number and cross section of the holes. For installation, it is necessary to strip each wire by 10 mm. Then the ends must be inserted into the holes until they click. Take the ends in different directions and lay them so that they do not contact each other.
- Of course, the cheapest way is to twist the bare ends together and wrap with insulating tape. As in the previous methods, contact should not be allowed here.
Installation of switches and sockets
Do-it-yourself wiring in a wooden house is carried out right at the surface of the wall. Accordingly, the sockets are also attached to the wall. It must be securely fastened so that the socket does not stagger. The yellow or green wire must be clamped in the ground contact, and the other two in the supply contacts. Switches are connected in the same way. Only the wire going to the switch may not have a ground wire. To save money wire,going to the switch, you can take a two-wire and with a smaller cross section.
Installation of lighting fixtures
Recently, lamps are increasingly used to illuminate residential premises. Beautiful spot lighting will add elegance to your home. Brightness can be adjusted using special devices.
In most cases, home lighting is used:
- recessed fixtures;
- invoices;
- street.
Connect lamps with yellow-green wires. Each device has a clamp for this type of connection. Luminaires of the same group must be connected in parallel.
Connecting shield
Electric panel - the main element in the wiring of the whole house. The performance and safety of the entire wiring as a whole depends on how it is mounted. Automatic devices are necessarily installed in the shield, allowing you to de-energize the group by simply pressing a button. For a cable with a cross section of 2, 5, it is necessary to set the relay to 25A. In case of any violations in the operation, the machine will turn off the circuit itself, or simply knock it out. Electrical boards are available in various types, they come with transparent windows or one-piece. Upon completion of the installation, each group inside the shield must be signed. To do this, most boxes come with a special sticker. In order to connect the core to the machine, it must be stripped and inserted until it clicks into a specialized hole. This is the final and most difficult stage of wiring in a wooden house. This process needs special attention. Attention, because the wrong sequence of connection of wires may lead to a short circuit.
Installing a ground loop
Do-it-yourself wiring in a private house must be done with the ground loop outside. To do this, they retreat a short distance from the building and dig a trench 2.5-3 meters long and about half a meter deep. At the same distance from each other, it is necessary to drive in 3 reinforcement bars, which are interconnected by a metal wire. Then it is necessary to drive a metal base into the wall of the house, to which you need to bring the wire from the rods and the ground wire. At the clogged base, all these wires must be connected together. If there is a lightning rod on the roof of the house, the wire from it must also be connected to the base. The dug ditch must be covered with sand, and the top layer with earth.
Open wiring
In urban areas, wooden houses are rare. Mostly, summer cottages are built from wood. Do-it-yourself wiring in the country is carried out in the same way as in a wooden house. Since the wooden house is a fire hazard, the electrical wiring must be exposed.
Ways of laying cables in a country wooden house:
- The wire can be attached to the insulators, as it was done before. An incision is made in the wire between the cores and mounted on the roller. These days, this method will look unaesthetic, unless a retro design is planned.
- It is possible to attach the wire to the brackets. The store has a large selection of different fasteners for cable. There are staples that are nailed to the surface with small nails, and there are those that are inserted into a drilled hole.
- The wire is wound into a corrugation and attached to the wall with clips. The complexity of the process depends on the length of the wire that needs to be put into the PVC sheath. Accordingly, the longer, the more difficult. This method will require an assistant.
- It is quite easy to run a cable through plastic pipes. And access to the cable will be practically closed to external influences.
- Metal pipes will protect the cable from rodents. Basically, the method is used in places with a large concentration of rats and mice, for example, at grain terminals.
- Through plastic boxes or wide cable channels. When the cable section is large or it is necessary to lay a large number of wires, this method is used. All wires are placed in a box and pulled together with PVC bundles so that the wires do not crumble, but are constantly in a tight bundle.
- Laying the wire in the cable channels will give a neat look. It is possible to cut grooves in the tree the size of a canal and insert it flush with the wall, but the process is very laborious.
It is desirable that all PVC elements are non-combustible. The passage of a cable or wires through wooden walls is possible only through an iron tunnel driven in advance. Thus, installation is completed.do-it-yourself wiring. The photos presented in the article may be useful in the future.
Wiring of this type is usually done in non-residential premises. Do-it-yourself wiring in the garage is also done using the open method.
At the end of work
At the end of all work, it is necessary to check the performance of the newly laid lines. To do this, you can invite specialists from the electrical laboratory to make all the necessary measurements. Professionals in this field will issue a conclusion on the he alth of the wiring in a wooden house.
Electrical laboratory workers must do the following:
- check insulation resistance and ground resistance;
- measure RCD and phase-zero loops;
- load machines with primary current;
- Check the functionality of all electrical wiring systems.
Prices for the production of works vary from 200 to 350 rubles per point. The points include sockets, switches, boxes and other wiring elements. If you contact the company, you will be charged at least 300 rubles for one point. Private workers, of course, will treat the price more loyally. The final price is easy to calculate using the scheme. In any case, the master performing the work must give a guarantee of quality. To be completely sure of the quality of the work done, it is best to try to do it yourself.
As can be seen from the article, do-it-yourself wiring is notwill take a lot of time and effort. But you need to take this process very seriously, and especially safety. Pay attention to every little thing, because fixing is more difficult than doing it right initially. Since a wooden house is more vulnerable to fire, safety must be taken care of. It is not necessary to neglect the requirements established by regulatory documents. This article covers all the nuances of installing electrical wiring in a wooden house. If you have certain skills, it will not be difficult to do all the work, and the family budget will not suffer much. Many are mistaken in thinking that open wiring is ugly. If you run the wire along the baseboard, it will not be visible at all, as with closed wiring. Cable channels will also hide it without harming the beautiful view of your room. The main advantage of open wiring is that in case of any malfunction, it can be immediately detected and eliminated.
