By building an extension, you can significantly expand the useful area of the house. Such structures are built from different materials. It can be, for example, brick, foam blocks, timber, board. Of course, the design of such structures also varies. Below in this article, we will consider in detail how to make an extension to the house and complete its design.
From what to build
The simplest type of extension is, of course, frame-panel. Such a design can be attached to the house in just a couple of weeks. It costs to build an extension from boards, and it is usually very inexpensive.
A fairly cheap structure can also be built from foam blocks. The erection of brick structures of this type is, in most cases, a rather expensive procedure. The same applies to an extension made of timber or logs.
The material for such a structure is usually chosen depending on what the walls of the main building are made of. That is, for a panel house, a frame structure is best suited, for a chopped house, a block-shaped or log house, etc. However, this rule is, of course, not strict. For example, it is quite possible to attach a frame extension to a block building, and a foam concrete extension to a block building.
Building a panel structure: materials
To build such an extension, you will need to purchase:
- timber with a section of 100x150 mm and 150x150 mm;
- cut board 200x25 mm;
- cement, sand, gravel;
- roofing material;
- grid and vapor barrier film.
You will also need thermal insulation material. It can be, for example, mineral wool or polystyrene foam.
Filling the foundation
So, how to make a frame-panel house extension? Of course, first of all, for such a design it will be necessary to build a reliable foundation. The extensions of this variety weigh very little. Therefore, usually inexpensive columnar foundations are poured under them. The procedure for erecting the base of the shield extension looks like this:
- markup in progress;
- dig holes for poles;
- sand and gravel are poured into the bottom of the pits;
-
formwork is installed from roofing felt rolled into a pipe;
- reinforcing cages assembled from rods are inserted into the formwork;
- poles are being poured with concrete mix.
Pits for the columnar foundation of the extension are dug in the corners and along the length of the walls in increments of 1.5 m. Their depth should be equal to the depth of the base of the house itself. At the stagepouring anchor bolts are embedded in the poles for attaching the bottom trim of the box.
Installing the frame
The assembly of the walls of the panel extension is started only after the concrete of the pillars has gained sufficient strength. You usually have to wait about a month after pouring. The answer to the question of how to make a frame extension to the house is the following technology:
- preliminarily fasten the lower trim to the bolts;
-
install extreme and then intermediate racks;
- mount top harness.
Next, proceed to lining the box.
Wall paneling
Before proceeding with the lining, mount the floor logs and sheathe it with boards. Then boards are stuffed onto the racks from the side of the room. After that:
- set at a distance between the racks of the frame of the mineral wool slab;
- cover the extension with waterproofing film;
- sheathe it with a board from the outside.
Building a cobbled extension: foundation
Such a structure, since it has a rather large weight, is usually erected on a strip base. Such a foundation is poured as follows:
- digging a trench according to the markup;
- pour sand and gravel to the bottom of the trench with a layer of about 20 cm;
- install the formwork from boards;
- tie and lower the reinforcing cage into the pit;
- pouring concrete tape.
This foundation is also kept for about a month before starting to assemble the box.
Construction of block walls
The answer to the question of how to make a panel house extension, as you can see, is quite simple. It will, of course, be somewhat more difficult to assemble a block box with your own hands. But even this task can be done even by a novice builder.
To assemble such an extension, only well-dried lumber is taken. The moisture content of the acquired timber (with a section of at least 100x100 mm) should be no more than 12%. Before starting the construction of the structure, it is advisable to additionally dry the lumber, leaving them in a room closed from the sun for several months.
A good answer to the question of how to make an extension to a house made of timber durable and warm is the following methods of connecting the material in the corners:
- in the paw;
- into a cup;
- with French lock;
- half-tree;
- in the root spike, etc.
In order for the extension to last longer in the future, during the assembly process, the log house is additionally strengthened with dowels. These fixing rims are arranged in a horizontal plane in a checkerboard pattern with a step of approximately 1.5 m.
Even an extension erected from dry timber gives quite a strong shrinkage over time. Therefore, the installation of the roof of such a structure is usually started only after six months.after building the box.
Brick and foam blocks
Next, let's see how to make an extension to a stone house. Such structures are also erected in most cases on a strip foundation. The base is poured during the construction of such structures using the same technology as for the cobbled extension.
The laying of the walls of structures of this type is carried out in the usual way with dressing of the seams. A brick box is erected using a mortar prepared in a sand / cement ratio of 3/1. To increase the plasticity of the mixture, a little slaked lime is added to it. The thickness of the horizontal seams of such a building should be approximately 1 cm, vertical - 0.8 cm. To make the brick box neat, among other things, they perform jointing.
The answer to the question of how to make an extension to the house from foam blocks is a slightly different technology. When laying such a structure, cement mortar is used only under the first row. All subsequent spread on a special glue. At the same time, every 4 rows the wall is reinforced with a reinforcing bar. The masonry must be leveled with a mooring cord.
Foam blocks - the material is easy to install and warm. But at the same time, unfortunately, it is fragile. In order to prevent such walls from collapsing in the future under the weight of the roof, a reinforcing belt is poured over them around the entire perimeter at the final stage.
Do it like this:
- from the outside of the box, boards are stuffed for the manufacture of formwork;
- sStyrofoam strips are installed on the inside;
- install a reinforcing cage into the resulting formwork;
- pouring concrete mix.
As soon as the solution hardens, the boards on the outside of the box are removed. Styrofoam is left in place.
Both panel and paving structures are an excellent answer to the question of how to make an extension to a wooden house. Brick structures next to such residential buildings, of course, are very rarely erected. But foam block extensions to wooden houses are often nevertheless attached. Such structures weigh about the same as cobbled ones, and being finished, for example, with a block house, they look quite harmoniously in combination with a wooden building.
How to make an extension to the house with your own hands: joining rules
It is not supposed to fasten a rigidly erected veranda to the walls of the main building. The same goes for foundations. Even brick and foam block new structures, not to mention cobbled ones, shrink over time. When rigidly fastened, this can lead to the destruction of the walls of both the building itself and the extension.
The gap between the enclosing structures of the veranda and the house is sealed using mounting foam (for bricks and foam blocks) or tarred board (for frame-panel outbuildings).
Add to the house: how to make a roof
The roof of extensions in most cases is assembled single-pitched. Mount it in such a way that its upper edge goes under the eaves of the roof of the house. This prevents future leaks.
Mount the roof of extensions usually as follows:
- stuffing floor beams in a box;
- sheathe them from below with ceiling boards;
- lay on the boards on top between the beams of the mineral wool slab;
- on the wall of the house under the eaves, a timber is stuffed along the width of the extension;
- Mauerlat is laid on brick and block walls;
- mount the rafters;
- sheathe the rafters with a water insulator with a slight sag;
- mount roofing material.
The rafters of the cobbled outbuildings to the Mauerlat are fixed using special elements - “sleds”. This avoids their deformation during shrinkage of the box. Sheathe the roof of the extension, usually with the same roofing material that was used in the construction of the main building.
Varieties of structures
How to make an extension to a wooden house, brick or block, is thus understandable. But how can you decorate such a structure on a suburban area?
There are usually two types of outbuildings attached to private houses:
- deaf;
- glazed.
The last version of the structures is called verandas and is usually used in the house only as an additional room or, for example, a summer kitchen.
Deaf extensions are already capital structures in which permanent kitchens, living rooms,offices, garages, etc.
Decoration of verandas
The answer to the question of how to properly make an extension-veranda to the house is simple. In this case, instead of the blank walls of the structure, a not too high parapet is erected. At the same time, the upper part of the box is glazed or simply remains open.
Additions of this type usually serve as a kind of transitional link between the house and the garden. Therefore, professional designers advise decorating them in life-affirming rich colors. To decorate such a structure from the inside, you can use, for example:
- flowers in tubs and pots;
- bright textiles;
- sculptures and carvings.
Furniture in such an extension can be installed, of course, and inexpensive plastic. But wicker chairs, tables and chairs or wooden ones will look best in this type of structure.
How to make an extension-veranda to the house beautiful also from the side of the street? Outside, such structures are usually decorated with weaving plants. Around the veranda you can plant, for example, some kind of ivy, hops, girlish or garden grapes. If desired, on the walls of such an extension from the side of the street in the summer, you can simply hang a planter with ampelous flowers.
How to decorate a deaf extension
Such structures are usually designed in accordance with what design is chosen for other areas of the house. A small extension in a one-story private building, for example, can be equipped in country style. In this case indoors:
- the walls are sheathedclapboard, block house or board;
- install rough natural wood furniture;
- use (for example, for curtains and tablecloths) checkered or floral textiles.
The walls in such an extension can be decorated with bunches of dried herbs or, for example, red pepper. Not superfluous in such a room will be pots with ornamental plants. It can be either ordinary indoor flowers, or, for example, dwarf tomatoes or indoor hot peppers.
Quite often, such structures are decorated in accordance with the lighter Provence folk style. In this case, wooden furniture painted in light colors is installed in the extension. The design elements of such an extension can be:
- light fake fireplace "antique";
- lamps in the form of lanterns or with a cheerful floral design;
- tableware and figurines made of porcelain, etc.
Additions in two-three-story cottages are often decorated in the classical style as well. Design elements of such a structure can be:
- parquet floors;
- strict wooden furniture;
- exotic plants in large tubs;
- forged elements.
Also in such an extension it would be useful to equip a small real wood-burning fireplace.
