For heating, water heating is most often used. For a private home, this is ideal. Such systems are characterized by enviable simplicity, comparative cheapness and very high efficiency. And if you have experience with tools, nothing will stop you from creating a similar heating system yourself. Our review will tell you how to make water heating of a private house with your own hands, and we will also give diagrams as a good example.
You will also learn about the types of systems used in radiator designs and materials. Separately, fluid circulation systems, methods for installing radiators and pipes will be considered. And most importantly, we will pay attention to the choice of heating boilers. After our brief overview, you will draw the appropriate conclusions and will be able to create a simple but effective liquid heating system.
Types of watersystems
There are several types of water heating structures that are used in private homes. We mean only standard systems - with the help of radiators, underfloor heating and skirting boards. Moreover, you can combine several types at once to ensure the most efficient space heating. For example, conventional radiators can be installed in living rooms and bedrooms, but floor heating systems can be installed in the bathroom, bathroom, and kitchen.
The fact is that often in these rooms the floor is made of tiles. And he himself is cold. And to improve comfort, it is necessary to heat the tiles from the inside. Now let's take a closer look at all the features of various types of heating systems with a liquid heat carrier.
Radiator constructions
Water heating of a private house without a pump will work quite efficiently if the pipes are sloped correctly. The radiator system is a timeless classic. The principle of operation is to transfer heat from the carrier (liquid) through radiators that are installed in the rooms. Heating systems of this type are installed almost everywhere - in industrial, residential, utility and even administrative buildings. Installation is quite easy and simple, since it is only necessary to install pipes and connect radiators to them.
Even 20-30 years ago, radiators were made exclusively from cast iron. But they have a very large mass - so installation is complicated, you need additionalput fasteners. Today aluminum radiators are very popular. They are relatively cheap, durable, and most importantly - light. When planning water heating of a private house with your own hands, it is recommended to use just such radiators.
Advantages and disadvantages of the radiator system
The main advantage of the radiator system is that it can be installed without pouring concrete screed. It is only necessary to put the boiler, stretch pipes from it, to which radiators are connected. With the help of them, the most effective heating of the space of the room takes place, and most importantly, they in no way spoil the interior design. The aluminum radiator fits into any decoration.
The system has no shortcomings as such. Of course, you can highlight the service life - it is not very long, since aluminum tends to crumble under the influence of an aggressive environment. But if you use not running water as a coolant, but antifreeze, then this problem will eliminate itself.
Underfloor heating system
But water heating systems in a private house can be built not only with the use of radiators. You can install underfloor heating. Moreover, it can work both in tandem with the radiator system, and separately from it. If you plan to use a warm floor as an independent system, then there is no point in laying pipes for a radiator. But it is best to use them as an addition to the radiator - the house will be much warmer. The legs will feel especially good. It is recommended to make a warm floor if there are small children in the house.
Usually, such systems are installed in toilets, bathrooms, and kitchens. In other words, in those rooms in which tiles are laid. However, if desired, a warm floor can be mounted throughout the house - it will be appropriate in any room. Even in the bedroom - just imagine how nice it is, waking up early in the morning, to get up with your feet on the warm floor, and not on the cold one.
It should be noted that in underfloor heating systems the temperature does not exceed 55 ˚С. Therefore, without much difficulty, it is possible to manufacture a completely economical heating system. But you just have to make concrete screeds, drill holes in the walls, door frames. Therefore, underfloor heating systems are usually installed at the stage of building a house. However, if you are doing a major overhaul, you can do this too.
Plinth system
The operation of all radiator-type systems is based on the laws of physics. In particular, on the effect of convection - hot air from the radiator rises, and cold air falls. In this case, more or less uniform heating of the air occurs. Of course, the air will be the coldest near the floor. And it's not very pleasant. Many immediately visit the idea to make the installation of water heating of a private house using pipes laid under the floor. This is the so-called underfloor heating system. But you can get out of this situation.
The design of the baseboard floor heating includes small radiators made of aluminum or brass. They are servedcoolant from the main heating system using thin tubes. Also in the system there are drain valves, thanks to which you can get rid of excess air. The whole structure is placed in a plastic plinth. Air enters the body and heats the walls that are on top. At the same time, there is a complete absence of drafts that blow on the floor.
The main advantage of the baseboard heating system is that it can be installed at any time, even after the final construction of the house and decoration. But the cost of installation is quite high, as well as a huge number of requirements for the installation of skirting boards and additional parts.
Type of coolant circulation
We reviewed the main types of heating systems. If you look around at the pros and cons of each type, then we can conclude that it is best to choose underfloor heating and radiator heating systems. But there is still one division of all systems - they can work both under pressure and without it. Further, all the features of such structures will be considered.
Natural circulation
To put it simply, this type of coolant circulation depends on one parameter - the slope of the pipes. When designing a system, this parameter must be taken into account. But one feature should be noted - the use of this type of circulation is justified only when it is necessary to heat a small house. Water moves through pipes under the influence of gravitational forces, as well as due to convection - hot liquid rises, and cold liquid falls down. And the boiler is inthe lowest point of the system, where the water has the lowest temperature.
The scheme of work is something like this:
- Water enters the boiler radiator.
- Next, the water is heated from a gas nozzle or other heat source.
- Hot water tends to rise, it is forced out by cold water.
- Hot water flows through pipes to radiators.
- In the radiators, the liquid cools down and goes into the "return" - the downpipe.
- Then the liquid again goes to the boiler radiator and the whole cycle repeats.
When designing heating systems with natural circulation, it is imperative to make a slope - with its help, the coolant will flow through the pipes faster. You also need to take into account one feature - horizontal sections should not exceed 30 meters. In other words, there must be a distance of less than 30 m between the boiler and the last radiator (calculated through pipes, not directly).
You can easily make water heating on wood in a private house. Long-burning boilers are even sold for such fuel - a few logs will last you for a day, or even more. And when building a system with natural circulation, you will get significant savings, since you do not need to purchase additional equipment (for example, pumps). And most importantly, the system is silent. The disadvantage is that you need to make the most direct route (after all, the water pressure in the pipes is small. In addition, you will need to install pipes with a large diameter.
Forcedcoolant circulation
This system has a circulation pump - it provides efficient movement of the coolant through the pipes. Therefore, if you plan to install a forced system, you can completely forget about slopes. But such a design is complex - there are not only batteries and pipes, but also a pump. By increasing the pressure in the heating system, you can get the following advantages:
- A large number of bends are allowed.
- You can heat a large house - even several floors.
- Allowed to be used when installing a small diameter pipe.
Usually, such designs are made closed - this avoids air entering the system. After all, it must be remembered that oxygen is the cause of corrosion on the inner surface of the metal. It is also allowed to install an expansion tank of a closed design. It does not need to be mounted at high altitude.
Among the disadvantages of such a system is that you need to purchase an additional set of equipment. This hits hard on the pocket, the cost of work increases, and much more. But you can save a lot on materials - buy plastic pipes, they are much cheaper than metal ones. And even with them, heating the premises will be effective.
Single-pipe heating system
When designing the heating of a private house with a furnace with a water circuit, it is important to take into account one more feature. There are single and double pipe systems. The former are used, as a rule, in private homes.small area. If the house is large, then it is best to use a two-pipe system. But what is the best way to lay pipes and connect radiators? If the house has no more than 2-3 rooms, then you can save a little on materials - make a one-pipe system.
In this case, the water will flow through the radiators, reach the last one and return to the boiler through the "return". Heating batteries are connected from below. But there is a drawback to such a scheme - the farthest rooms will not warm up well, since the water temperature at the end of the path is minimal. To prevent the coolant from cooling too much, you can install circulation pumps and bypasses (or jumpers) on each battery.
Two-pipe system
This design is more perfect - after all, a solid pipe is laid to the most distant radiator. And after that, taps are made from it to each of the intermediate radiators. After the water passes through the radiator, it enters the "return". This scheme provides the most uniform heating of the rooms. But there is a drawback to this type of system - it is quite difficult to mount it. If you have a question about which system to implement, then it is better to stop at a two-pipe one. After all, with its help, you can ensure uniform heating of all radiators (and, of course, pipes).
Water boiler selection
You can even use a wood-burning stove for a private house with water heating. But why stock up on firewood if there is gas? In addition, a wood-burning stove must be constantly monitored in order tokeep the temperature in the house at the proper level. Wood stoves are used, as a rule, if the owner of the house wants to give his home a little exclusivity. A fireplace installed in the hall will look very nice and warm the household on cold winter evenings.
But this is a prank, because gas water heating in private homes has become widespread. In them, the liquid is heated by the gas. The fire heats up the radiator, which fills with liquid. It holds several liters. The heated liquid tends to rise (due to convection or pressure created by the pump).
Liquid and electric boilers
But how to make water heating in a private house if there is no gas? Then you can use electric boilers or long-burning boilers. But the boiler will “eat” a lot of electricity. There are also commercially available boilers that run on diesel fuel or stove oil. They are quite effective, but the smell of petroleum products is unlikely to disappear from the house.
Therefore, it is better to stop at this option - to use an electric boiler. When heating a small house, the costs will be minimal. And if you make forced circulation of the coolant, it will be possible to reduce energy costs. Hot water electric heating can be used in private homes that do not have gas.
