Water pumping stations are needed in any home. If there is an autonomous water supply system, it is required to take water from an underground source and supply it under the required pressure to the water supply system.
If there is a centralized water supply, installation is also needed, since there is not always the necessary pressure.
Main elements of the pumping station
These include:
- pump;
- hydroaccumulator;
- pressure switch;
- check valve.
The principle of operation of the pumping station
First of all, water must be raised from underground to the place of use. To do this, open the tap. Turning on the pump every time is impractical, as it will take time to build up pressure, and frequent starts will quickly disable it.
When a water pumping station is purchased, the instructions that come with it contain a description of the equipment. To provide the necessary comfort conditions inWhen using water, a membrane tank is primarily used - a hydraulic accumulator. It is a storage tank with a liquid level sensor. When the accumulator is full, the pump turns off and only turns on when the amount of fluid in the tank is reduced to a minimum. As a result, the pump will turn on much less often, although the frequency of starts is directly related to consumption. But here you can increase the volume of the membrane tank or install an additional one in the network, which will allow you to accumulate more water.
The appearance of pumping stations has greatly facilitated the conditions for using water. There was no need to collect individual elements and set up the water intake system.
Main characteristics of the water pumping station
- Pump power. Depends on the number of points of consumption, the height of the liquid, the distance to the source.
- Performance. It should not exceed the replenishment rate of the source.
- The volume of the hydraulic accumulator. It stores a reserve of drinking water. Its quantity should meet the needs of the house in case of interruptions in supplies (from 25 liters). The body is made of steel, cast iron and plastic.
- The height of the water level in the source. The type of pump selected depends on this.
- The presence of electronic protection against overheating of the motor winding and dry running. This increases the durability of the pump.
- Control method. Automatic stations maintain a constant supply of water and pressure in the water supply. A water pumping station for a summer residence does not need expensive automation, which you can not install, but do it manuallymanagement. This requires a pump, a storage tank and a pipeline with shut-off valves.
- The presence of a filter and a check valve. Protect equipment from contamination and increase its lifespan.
Use in a centralized water supply network
Water pumping stations are easy to connect to domestic water supply. To do this, detailed descriptions are attached to them, where there are installation diagrams and instruction manuals.
For a city apartment, it is enough to have a membrane tank with a capacity of 20 liters. This stock is sufficient for the user. On the upper floors, the water pressure is always lower, and it is advisable to increase the tank capacity to 60-100 liters. Otherwise, the residents of the apartment do not even have the opportunity to turn on the washing machine or column.
If there is no water in the pipes, the pump will not start because it is protected against dry running. As soon as it appears, the station will immediately resume operation.
Water abstraction from source
In deep wells, the water pumping station for the house is installed indoors, except for the submersible pump, which is placed in the well.
The surface pump has the ability to draw water only to a height of 7-10 m.
Water pumping stations are mostly used to lift water from wells and wells. Silence is important when working indoors. It is impossible to leave the pumping station unattended in our time. In addition, when working all year round, insulation is required. more convenientjust install pumping stations in the basements of houses. To do this, even during construction, mini-wells are drilled and a caisson is equipped nearby, where the unit is located.
Pump station device
A characteristic feature of the pumping station is its initial readiness for operation. If the pump requires additional fittings, everything is already assembled here. The water pumping station, the diagram of which is shown below, contains a pumping unit, a hydraulic accumulator, coarse and fine filters and a tap. It also includes automatic fluid pressure control and overheating protection.
The main part of the equipment is a surface centrifugal pump. It is supplied with an asynchronous electric motor.
Metal hydraulic accumulator contains a membrane on which presses the pumped air. When filling, water presses on the membrane and compresses the air. The amount of liquid inside is controlled by upper and lower level sensors.
The pump is attached to the tank from above. It comes with an ejector, filter and check valve.
The cable should be replaced depending on the required length. Pipelines and hoses are selected depending on the design parameters.
The principle of operation of the automatic station
Water from the accumulator is consumed until the low-level contacts on the pressure switch actuate, which turn on the pump. The liquid is pumped into the system, fills the tank and stretches the membrane located inside it. The internal pressure begins to increase until it reaches the toplimit set on the pressure switch. In this case, the contacts open and the pump motor is turned off.
The power of the household pumping station is 650-1600 watts. In an hour, it pumps from 3,500 to 5,000 liters of water at a pressure of 2.5-5 atm.
Water pumping station malfunctions
1. The motor rotates, but the pump does not pump water. Most often this occurs due to a violation of the tightness of the suction pipeline. All joints should be checked for tightness. If the check valve does not work, it must be repaired or replaced. The cause of the malfunction may be a blockage or failure of the spring. In order for the pump to pump, the water supply is filled with water. The end of the suction hose must always be immersed in liquid. In this case, the lifting height must always be less than the permissible value specified in the technical data sheet.
2. The generation between the impeller and the housing can cause a decrease in pump performance to the point that it starts to run dry. The impeller may also be destroyed as a result of wear. Parts or pump need to be replaced. There is no need to change the entire station.
3. The power of the electric motor to a large extent depends on the magnitude of the voltage in the network. If it is not enough, the necessary speed for pumping water can not be gained. A stabilizer is needed here.
4. The flow of water is jerky due to air leakage in the suction pipe.
5. Frequent starts and shutdowns of the pump due to incorrect operation of the sensorslevel. The cause is a rupture of the membrane. Its serviceability is checked by pressing the nipple. If water comes out of the air compartment, the membrane must be replaced. The air pressure may also be too low. It is measured with a pressure gauge (1.5-1.8 atm in the absence of water) and, if necessary, pumped up with an air pump. If cracks appear on the body of the accumulator, they are repaired by "cold welding". If the tank is in good condition, you need to check the operation of the pressure switch and replace it if necessary.
6. The pump spins without stopping. This requires adjustment of the pressure switch at the upper and lower levels. After prolonged operation, the previous pressure value can no longer be achieved. Therefore, it is reduced by weakening the spring or installing a marker. Sometimes it is enough to clean the relay inlet from hardness s alts. You should also check the reliability of the contacts in the electrical circuit.
7. The pump does not rotate. When it is not used for a long time, you need to turn the impeller or shaft manually, and then turn it on. A capacitor may fail, which is supplied to three-phase motors operating from a single-phase network. We need a replacement here.
If you choose, install and operate water pumping stations correctly, repairs will not be needed for a long time.
Installation
What else to consider when planning a water pumping station? Its installation is carried out near the source. For year-round use, it should have a warm room.
Pipes from a well or well are laid in a trench below the freezing depth of the soil. In this case, the source is reliably insulated. A special mesh is installed on the check valve to protect against contamination.
The pumping station is installed on a solid base, bolted and grounded.
The system is filled with water, after which the pump is turned on. After the pressure rises to the set value, it should turn off and turn on again as the water flows.
Conclusion
Water pumping stations are used to create and maintain water pressure in the water supply system within specified limits. The characteristics of the device must be correctly selected based on the needs and parameters of the source. Properly installed equipment will supply the house with drinking water consistently and for a long time, creating an adequate supply in case of failures in its supply or a power outage.
