The important elements of any building are ceilings. These are structures that divide the building into floors and separate them from basements and attics. And each floor of the house must have sufficient strength, since it has to withstand not only its own weight, but also the weight of furniture, equipment and people. And it is determined by the purpose of a particular room. So, for example, the strength of the attic floor can be no more than 105 kg/m2, and if it is located between floors, then its strength should be at least twice as much - 210 kg/m 2. Also, its rigidity should be such that it does not bend under load.
Still on what kind of floors in the house, its sound insulation also depends. Therefore, when laying them, all the cracks that are in the joints of the material are carefully sealed. This avoids sound propagation in the house. And the floors that are located between rooms with a temperature difference of more than 10 degrees must still be insulated. This applies to the floor of the lower floor and the ceiling of the upper. Also, each floor of the house has its own fire resistance threshold. For example, for reinforced concrete slabs, the fire resistance limit is determined by one hour. And a wood floor that is not protected by fireproof materials will burn out in less than 15 minutes.
And according to the structural features of the bearing part, the ceiling of the house can be beamed and beamless. And in the second version, the supporting structure is reinforced concrete slabs. And according to the construction technology, they can be monolithic, prefabricated and prefabricated-monolithic. At the same time, prefabricated floors are assembled from factory slabs. And monolithic ones are made on the spot, when monolithic concrete is poured into the formwork. Also, these two types of overlaps can be combined. That is, rectangular spans are covered with slabs, and non-standard spans are filled with reinforced concrete.
Another floor for the house can be a beam, that is, it is based on metal or wooden beams. And they are already laying flooring. And in private construction, two types of such ceilings are used. And the first option is the use of wooden beams, on which wooden flooring is usually laid. And in the second option, a frequently ribbed floor is made, which consists of metal beams, on which the flooring of small-piece elements made of ceramics or lightweight concrete is already laid.
And floors in a brick house can be made according to any of these options, for example, on wooden beams. But first they need to be treated with an antiseptic, then they are placed in niches, and this should be done from opposite walls. These two beams are aligned in level, and their ends are laid with bricks. Then bya cord is pulled with it and the rest are laid at intervals of 60-70 mm. For these purposes, beams with a cross section of 40 × 150 mm are suitable. Then, along their bottom, bars with a section of 40 × 40 mm are stuffed on both sides, which are needed for the installation of black floors. By the way, all wooden floor elements are pre-treated with an antiseptic.
Further, black floor boards are laid along the bars. You can also use flat slate instead. Then comes a very important stage - the overlap of the house needs to be thermally insulated. Therefore, glassine is placed on the boards or slate, and a heater is placed on it. Then the scaffolding for the finishing floor is installed. The insulation is covered with glassine. Then they spread the boards of the finishing floor, which it is undesirable to nail right away. They need to lie on the beams for a while and dry. Also, a ceiling is stuffed onto the beams, to which strips of parchment are nailed. A heater is laid on it. And now the floor of the second floor is already being stuffed, across which glassine is also laid.
