In modern society, a car has long ceased to be a luxury. Often a family has one or more cars. For owners of their own land plots and country houses, a garage is essential. It can not only protect the iron horse from the weather, but also carry out minor repairs and maintenance.
Before starting the construction of a garage on the site, it is necessary not only to draw up a construction plan, but also to familiarize yourself with the current legislative framework so that later the building does not bring problems to the owner.
Varieties of garages
The main differences in the construction of garages are the choice of material from which they are built. Also, this fact will determine the operational characteristics, design and cost of the structure. Most often, the following materials are used in the construction of a garage:
- Steel sheets. They make a welded all-metal structure. It is very easy to assemble, and the cost of such a garage is low. The downside issusceptibility to climatic conditions: in winter they are cold, and in summer the iron is heated under the scorching sun, creating unbearable heat.
- Brick. A garage made of this material is a capital structure. Accordingly, it is necessary to make a foundation for it, which significantly increases the cost and complexity of the design. Often, a viewing hole is placed in a major garage, creating a small workshop. In addition, you can equip the cellar by turning the garage into a small hozblok.
- Foam block or cinder block. By themselves, these materials retain heat well, allowing you to make the garage warm, which makes it easier to start the car in the winter cold. But, as in the previous case, construction requires the construction of a foundation.
- Building a garage from sandwich panels. These materials allow you to create warm lightweight designs. They do not require a strong foundation. Sandwich panels have a low thermal conductivity, so in winter and summer in such a garage you can maintain a comfortable temperature.
- Wood. If the garage will be used only for car storage, then this choice of material is acceptable, but if you plan to carry out any repairs, then you need to remember that wood, even treated with fire-retardant impregnations, is a source of danger.
Garage location
During the design of a garage on the site, there are several issues that need to be considered. This is:
- Ease of entry into the territory.
- Proximity of the garage to other buildings onplot.
- Distance to buildings on neighbor's lot relative to garage.
It is necessary to make a reservation that the location is regulated for capital buildings, that is, those that are installed on the foundation. The requirements are mainly dictated by fire safety measures. They determine what distances should be between buildings made of different materials:
- The distance between buildings made of non-combustible materials must be at least 6 meters. This also applies to the distance to buildings on the neighbor's plot.
- If one building is made of non-combustible material and the other is made of flammable material, then the distance between them must be at least 10 meters.
- If both buildings are made of combustible materials, then the distance between them increases to 15 meters.
- The minimum distance between the garage and the residential building must be at least 3 meters.
Based on this, if the plot area is 10 acres or less, the garage must be made of non-combustible materials such as brick, cinder block, metal, sandwich panels.
The distance to neighboring buildings can be reduced with the written consent of the owner of the neighboring plot.
The location of the garage on the site should be close to the entrance to the territory. In this case, you do not have to invest in laying the road deep into the site. But at the same time, the garage should not be closer than 5 meters to objects such as roads, power lines, communication lines, engineering structures.
Another nuance that needs to be taken into account when building in the country is the location relative to the cardinal points. A building on the north side will not shade plants, and the building will be less heated in summer.
How to take into account the terrain
If the plot is flat, then the location of the garage will not matter. It is enough just to adhere to the established distances from other buildings. But if the terrain has a difficult terrain, then for construction it is better to choose a place that will be higher than the average height of the site. Thus, flooding during the spring floods, as well as constant dampness, can be avoided. It must be remembered that dampness will certainly lead to corrosion of the car, and it is much easier to prevent it than to deal with the consequences.
If the plot is up to 10 acres in size, then you don’t have to choose where to build a garage. In this case, it is necessary to raise the place for construction. To do this, you need to bring in several cars with soil and complete the layout, making a flat area.
Building dimensions
The size of the garage is determined by the dimensions of the car that will be in it. The minimum size is 3 x 6 meters. However, in recent years, the dimensions of passenger cars have increased, and 18 sq. meters were not enough.
Moreover, there should be racks for tools, spare parts and fuel and lubricants inside the garage. Therefore, taking into account modern realities, the internal size of the garage must be increased to 4.5 x 6 meters. This will make it possible to safely move inside and freely open the car doors, withoutafraid of scratching them.
Fire Safety Issues
The garage building is a source of increased danger. This is due to the fact that the car contains a flammable substance in the tank, and its leakage can lead to a fire. Often, owners store fuels and lubricants in the garage, so these factors must be taken into account during construction.
In the room intended for storing the machine, there must be a fire shield with fire extinguishing tools installed on it:
- nightmare;
- fire extinguisher;
- shovel;
- hook;
- box of sand.
Wiring and lighting
Electrical installation is regulated by garage building regulations. To provide electricity, a separate line is drawn with its own fuse box. Lighting lamps are enclosed in sealed shades. Wiring is carried out inside corrugated tubes, which ensure self-extinguishing of the wire in the event of an electrical short.
In addition to the above, security issues include the location of the entrance. It should not be in line with the fence that bounds the plot.
Where to get a building permit
First of all, you need to get permission from the local department of architecture. The appeal is considered within 10 days. For the construction of a garage on the site, the following package of documents is submitted:
- Application for construction.
- Estimate with construction plans and location on the map.
- Documents confirming the ownership of a land plot for a garage. If the site belongs to another person, then his building permit.
If all the requirements for the location of the garage are met, then a building permit is issued.
Do I need to register a garage built on a summer cottage?
Garage in the country, as a rule, is made in the form of light, inexpensive buildings. This circumstance is due to the fact that the room for the car is needed only during the warm period, which means that there is no need to build a capital structure. These can be metal or sandwich panel garages, the construction of which does not take much time and resources. How to deal with registration in this case?
According to the law, garages, which are real estate, are registered. Light structures that do not have a foundation or can be dismantled and moved to another place are not. Even if a sandwich panel garage was built on a foundation slab, it could still theoretically be dismantled and moved to another location. The foundation itself is not real estate.
The main cause of problems with the garage in the country may be disagreements with neighbors. Conflict situations may arise due to proximity to the neighboring site, shading of the neighboring territory. Therefore, before building, it is better to coordinate the location with neighbors.
How to legalize a long-built garage
Currently, garages on plots built without a permit, according to Article 222of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, fall into the category of self-construction.
If the building belongs to the category of real estate, then it needs to be legalized. You can do this in the following ways:
- Retroactively obtain a building permit. Where can it be done? For this, documents are drawn up, as for a garage that has not yet been built, in the architecture department of local governments.
- A petition is being submitted for the preservation of unauthorized construction to the commission for the suppression of unauthorized construction. If the commission agreed, then in this case a building permit is issued.
- Recognition of ownership through the court. In this case, the statement of claim must be supplemented:
- documents proving the fact of construction (statements, invoices, invoices, work contracts);
- documents confirming that no one has ownership of the garage (extract from the Unified State Register of Rights to Real Estate);
- conclusion on the compliance of the building with fire safety, environmental and sanitary standards (certificates are collected in the relevant authorities)
If the garage was built by the owner of the land, it will not be difficult to obtain recognition of ownership of the unauthorized construction.
